Lee Sang Yeol
Department of Life Science, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Jul 22;2020:8980124. doi: 10.1155/2020/8980124. eCollection 2020.
A ginsenoside Rg1 is an active compound extracted from the stem and/or root of ginseng. Rg1 has been known to affect various human organ systems including the immune, cardiovascular, and nervous systems with its pharmacological effects. Timosaponin AIII (TA3) is a type of spirostanol saponins that are the major compounds of . TA3 exerts anticancer effects in various human cancers, and the effects include attenuations of cancer cell migration and induction of apoptosis. In this study, I report that Rg1 drives the stimulation of TA3-induced cytotoxic effects in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Rg1 stimulates TA3-induced apoptosis in MG63 cells via selective intensification of caspase-3 activation. Rg1 and TA3 synergistically induced antimetastatic effects such as attenuation of MG63 cell migration and inhibitions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Rg1 and TA3 synergistically suppressed JNK, p38, ERK, -catenin, and CREB signaling, which are key regulators of cancer metastasis. Finally, the synergistic anticancer effects of Rg1 and TA3 were also observed in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells, and this may indicate that the synergy is not limited specifically to MG63 cells. The results presented here suggest that the combinatorial use of Rg1 and TA3 may be a promising way to develop an effective antiosteosarcoma agent.
人参皂苷Rg1是从人参的茎和/或根中提取的一种活性化合物。已知Rg1通过其药理作用影响包括免疫、心血管和神经系统在内的各种人体器官系统。知母皂苷AIII（TA3）是螺旋甾烷醇皂苷的一种，是知母的主要化合物。TA3在多种人类癌症中发挥抗癌作用，其作用包括减弱癌细胞迁移和诱导细胞凋亡。在本研究中，我报告Rg1在MG63人骨肉瘤细胞中促进TA3诱导的细胞毒性作用。Rg1通过选择性增强caspase-3激活来刺激TA3诱导的MG63细胞凋亡。Rg1和TA3协同诱导抗转移作用，如减弱MG63细胞迁移和抑制基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-2和MMP-9）。Rg1和TA3协同抑制JNK、p38、ERK、β-连环蛋白和CREB信号传导，这些是癌症转移的关键调节因子。最后，在U2OS人骨肉瘤细胞中也观察到RgI和TAI3的协同抗癌作用，这可能表明这种协同作用并不局限于MG63细胞。此处呈现的结果表明，联合使用Rg1和TA3可能是开发一种有效的抗骨肉瘤药物的有前景的方法。
