S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil.
Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil.
ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 9;6(10):2544-2559. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00036. Epub 2020 Sep 2.
The need for new antimicrobial therapies is evident, especially to reduce antimicrobial resistance and minimize deleterious effects on gut microbiota. However, although diverse studies discuss the adverse effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the microbiome ecology, targeted interventions that could solve this problem have often been overlooked. The impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota homeostasis is alarming, compromising its microbial community and leading to changes in host health. Recent studies have shown that these impacts can be transient or permanent, causing irreversible damage to gut microbiota. The responses to and changes in the gut microbial community arising from antibiotic treatment are related to its duration, the number of doses, antibiotic class, host age, genetic susceptibility, and lifestyle. In contrast, each individual's native microbiota can also affect the response to treatment as well as respond differently to antibiotic treatment. In this context, the current challenge is to promote the growth of potentially beneficial microorganisms and to reduce the proportion of microorganisms that cause dysbiosis, thus contributing to an improvement in the patient's health. An essential requirement for the development of novel antibiotics will be personalized medicinal strategies that recognize a patient's intestinal and biochemical individuality. Thus, this Review will address a new perspective on antimicrobial therapies through pathogen-selective antibiotics that minimize the impacts on human health due to changes in the gut microbiota from the use of antibiotics.
需要新的抗菌疗法，尤其是为了减少抗菌药物耐药性并最大限度减少对肠道微生物群的有害影响。然而，尽管有许多研究讨论了广谱抗生素对微生物组生态学的不良影响，但通常忽略了可以解决此问题的靶向干预措施。抗生素对肠道微生物群稳态的影响令人震惊，会破坏其微生物群落，并导致宿主健康发生变化。最近的研究表明，这些影响可能是短暂的或永久性的，会对肠道微生物群造成不可逆转的损害。抗生素治疗引起的肠道微生物群落的反应和变化与其持续时间、剂量数、抗生素类别、宿主年龄、遗传易感性和生活方式有关。相比之下，每个人的固有微生物群也会影响对治疗的反应，并且对抗生素治疗的反应也不同。在这种情况下，目前的挑战是促进有益微生物的生长，并减少导致肠道微生态失调的微生物的比例，从而有助于改善患者的健康。开发新型抗生素的一个基本要求是采用个体化药物治疗策略，根据患者的肠道和生化个体差异来识别。因此，这篇综述将通过针对病原体的抗生素来探讨抗菌疗法的新视角，这些抗生素可以最大限度地减少因抗生素使用导致的肠道微生物群变化对人类健康的影响。
