Porto Bárbara Alves, da Silva Thamar Holanda, Machado Mariana Resende, de Oliveira Fábio Soares, Rosa Carlos Augusto, Rosa Luiz Henrique
Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP, 31270-901, Brazil.
Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Extremophiles. 2020 Sep;24(5):797-807. doi: 10.1007/s00792-020-01195-9. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
We recovered 85 fungal isolates from the acid sulphate soils in chronosequence under para-periglacial conditions in King George Island, Antarctica. Thirty-two taxa belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota were identified. Mortierella amoeboidea, Mortierella sp. 2, Mortierella sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 2 and Penicillium sp. 3 dominated the sulphite soils. Despite the multi-extreme physic-chemical conditions of the sulphate soils (low pH, variable content of macro and micronutrients and organic matter), the fungal assemblages exhibited moderate diversity indices, which ranged according to the degree of soil development. Soils with more weathered and, consequently, with highest values of organic carbon shelter the most diverse fungal assemblages, which can be associated with the occurrence of sulphurisation and sulphide oxidation. Different taxa of Mortierella and Penicillium displayed broad pH (3-9) and temperature (5-35 °C) plasticity. The multi-extreme sulphite soils of Antarctica revealed the presence of moderate fungal diversity comprising cold cosmopolitan and psychrophilic endemic taxa. Among these, Mortierella and Penicillium, known to survive in extreme conditions such as low temperature and available organic matter, low pH and high concentrations of metals, might represent interesting techniques to be used in biotechnological processes such as bioleaching in metallurgy and phosphate solubilisation in agriculture.
我们从南极乔治王岛准冰川条件下按时间序列分布的酸性硫酸盐土壤中分离出85株真菌。鉴定出了属于子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门的32个分类单元。变形被孢霉、被孢霉属2、被孢霉属3、青霉属2和青霉属3在亚硫酸盐土壤中占主导地位。尽管硫酸盐土壤存在多种极端的物理化学条件（低pH值、大量和微量营养素以及有机质含量多变），但真菌群落的多样性指数适中，且根据土壤发育程度而有所不同。风化程度更高、因此有机碳含量最高的土壤中真菌群落最为多样，这可能与硫化作用和硫化物氧化的发生有关。不同分类单元的被孢霉属和青霉属表现出较宽的pH值范围（3 - 9）和温度范围（5 - 35°C）可塑性。南极的多种极端亚硫酸盐土壤显示出存在适度的真菌多样性，包括广布全球的耐寒类群和嗜冷的特有类群。其中，已知能在低温、可利用有机质、低pH值和高金属浓度等极端条件下生存的被孢霉属和青霉属，可能是冶金生物浸出和农业磷溶解等生物技术过程中值得关注的技术手段。
