Krasteva Stephanie, Jara Manuel, Frias-De-Diego Alba, Machado Gustavo
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Jul 22;7:419. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00419. eCollection 2020.
Nairobi Sheep Disease virus (NSDv) is a zoonotic and tick-borne disease that can cause over 90% mortality in small ruminants. NSDv has historically circulated in East Africa and has recently emerged in the Asian continent. Despite efforts to control the disease, some regions, mostly in warmer climates, persistently report disease outbreaks. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how environmental tolerances and factors that influence transmission may shed light on its possible emergence in other regions. In this study, we quantified the available literature of NSDv from which occurrence data was extracted. In total, 308 locations from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, India, Sri Lanka and China were coupled with landscape conditions to reconstruct the ecological conditions for NSDv circulation and identify areas of potential disease transmission risk. Our results identified areas suitable for NSDv in Ethiopia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Southeastern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Unsuitable areas included Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and Southern Somalia. In summary, soil moisture, livestock density, and precipitation predispose certain areas to NSDv circulation. It is critical to investigate the epidemiology of NSDv in order to promote better allocation of resources to control its spread in regions that are more at risk. This will help reduce disease impact worldwide as climate change will favor emergence of such vector-borne diseases in areas with dense small ruminant populations.
内罗毕绵羊病病毒（NSDv）是一种人畜共患的蜱传疾病，可导致小反刍动物超过90%的死亡率。NSDv历史上一直在东非传播，最近在亚洲大陆出现。尽管人们努力控制这种疾病，但一些地区，主要是气候较温暖的地区，仍持续报告疾病爆发。因此，有必要了解环境耐受性和影响传播的因素如何有助于揭示其在其他地区可能出现的情况。在本研究中，我们对NSDv的现有文献进行了量化，并从中提取了发病数据。总共将来自乌干达、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、索马里、印度、斯里兰卡和中国的308个地点与景观条件相结合，以重建NSDv传播的生态条件，并确定潜在疾病传播风险区域。我们的结果确定了埃塞俄比亚、马拉维、津巴布韦、中国东南部、台湾和越南适合NSDv传播的区域。不适合的区域包括刚果民主共和国、赞比亚和索马里南部。总之，土壤湿度、牲畜密度和降水使某些地区易发生NSDv传播。调查NSDv的流行病学对于更好地分配资源以控制其在风险更高地区的传播至关重要。这将有助于减少全球范围内疾病的影响，因为气候变化将有利于此类媒介传播疾病在小反刍动物密集地区的出现。
