Bafunno Daniela, Catino Annamaria, Lamorgese Vito, Del Bene Gabriella, Longo Vito, Montrone Michele, Pesola Francesco, Pizzutilo Pamela, Cassiano Sandro, Mastrandrea Angelica, Ricci Donata, Petrillo Patrizia, Varesano Niccolò, Zacheo Antonella, Galetta Domenico
Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
J Thorac Dis. 2020 Jul;12(7):3844-3856. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2020.02.23.
This article investigates the effects of tobacco control policies on smoking initiation, cessation and prevalence by examining the papers published in the last 5 years. Twenty-one articles have been selected by two authors and sorted by four types of tobacco control: tobacco prices, anti-smoking campaigns for young people, mass media intervention and public smoking bans. Price/tax increase has deterrent effect on smoking initiation but does not promote smoking cessation; intervention on young people could reduce the smoking initiation if carried out at an early age and if acted on social skills and with peer-led approach, as opposed to restraining measures which hare generally easily circumvented by young people. The mass media campaigns showed positive effect on attempts to quit among smokers if carried forward over time and by involving multiple communication channels (TV, internet, radio). The bans in public have little effect on smoking cessation but could improve the overall well-being of non-smokers. Heterogeneous results have been described by different studies probably because of different research methodologies, cultural aspects and the really effective implementation of the rules for each country. In conclusion, comprehensive tobacco control interventions to reduce smoking prevalence and modify the smoking behavior are recommended. Moreover, the use of e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn (HnB) products, as possible helping tool for smoke cessation, currently remains controversial.
本文通过审查过去5年发表的论文，研究了烟草控制政策对吸烟开始、戒烟和吸烟流行率的影响。两位作者挑选了21篇文章，并按照四种烟草控制类型进行了分类：烟草价格、针对年轻人的反吸烟运动、大众媒体干预和公共场所吸烟禁令。提高价格/税收对吸烟开始有威慑作用，但对戒烟没有促进作用；对年轻人的干预如果在早期进行，并且针对社交技能并采用同伴主导的方法，而不是采取年轻人通常容易规避的限制措施，就可以减少吸烟开始。如果随着时间的推移并通过多种传播渠道（电视、互联网、广播）开展大众媒体运动，对吸烟者的戒烟尝试会产生积极影响。公共场所禁烟对戒烟影响不大，但可以改善非吸烟者的整体健康状况。不同的研究描述了不同的结果，这可能是由于不同的研究方法、文化因素以及每个国家对规则的实际有效执行情况。总之，建议采取全面的烟草控制干预措施，以降低吸烟流行率并改变吸烟行为。此外，使用电子烟和加热不燃烧（HnB）产品作为可能的戒烟辅助工具，目前仍存在争议。
