Appiah Prince Kubi, Nkuah Daniel, Bonchel Duut Abdulai
Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
J Pregnancy. 2020 Aug 1;2020:2139892. doi: 10.1155/2020/2139892. eCollection 2020.
Anaemia in pregnancy is a major problem in both developed and developing countries. The commonest source of anaemia is nutritional deficiency of iron with evidence suggesting that up to 90% of maternal anaemia may be due to inadequate consumption of dietary iron; however, there are other causes which include worm infestation, HIV infection, and genetic disorders. There are some implemented approaches in Ghana including education and awareness creation, nutritional supplements, and control and prevention of parasitic infections among others to prevent and control anaemia in pregnancy. This study assessed pregnant women adherence to Ghana's anaemia prevention strategies being implemented in the Juaboso District.
A descriptive cross-sectional data on knowledge of and adherence to anaemia prevention strategies among pregnant women was collected. Pearson's chi-square and logistic regression models were used to assessed associations between predictor and outcome variables. A value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. . About 13.5% of the pregnant women had high knowledge on anaemia, while 58.4% and 28.1% had moderate and low knowledge, respectively. Less than half (39.1%) of the women adhered to anaemia prevention strategies. There were significant associations between knowledge of anaemia and where pregnant woman resides in the district (AOR: 2.04, 95% CI: 2.16-9.83, = 0.003), woman's educational (AOR: 10.43, 95% CI: 6.14-51.63, = 0.002), and occupational status (AOR: 15.14, 95% CI: 13.57-18.43, < 0.001). Again, there were significant associations between adherence to anaemia prevention strategies and the woman's ethnicity (AOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.04-0.92, = 0.001) and her knowledge of anaemia (AOR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.32-7.93, = 0.001).
Pregnant women's knowledge of anaemia and adherence to anaemia prevention strategies are not encouraging. However, anaemia in pregnancy and its consequences could be devastating to all stakeholders if actions are not taken to reduce the phenomenon. Therefore, we recommend that more education and sensitisation programs including good nutritional practices in the diet of pregnant women be promoted to increase awareness and adherence to anaemia prevention strategies among pregnant women in the Juaboso District.
孕期贫血在发达国家和发展中国家都是一个主要问题。贫血最常见的原因是铁的营养缺乏，有证据表明高达90%的孕产妇贫血可能是由于膳食铁摄入不足；然而，还有其他原因，包括蠕虫感染、艾滋病毒感染和遗传疾病。加纳实施了一些措施，包括教育和提高认识、营养补充剂以及控制和预防寄生虫感染等，以预防和控制孕期贫血。本研究评估了朱阿博索区孕妇对加纳正在实施的贫血预防策略的依从性。
收集了关于孕妇对贫血预防策略的知识和依从性的描述性横断面数据。使用Pearson卡方检验和逻辑回归模型评估预测变量和结果变量之间的关联。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。约13.5%的孕妇对贫血有较高的认识，而分别有58.4%和28.1%的孕妇有中等和较低的认识。不到一半（39.1%）的女性遵守贫血预防策略。孕妇对贫血的认识与孕妇在该地区的居住地点（比值比：2.04，95%置信区间：2.16 - 9.83，P = 0.003）、女性的教育程度（比值比：10.43，95%置信区间：6.14 - 51.63，P = 0.002）和职业状况（比值比：15.14，95%置信区间：13.57 - 18.43，P < 0.001）之间存在显著关联。此外，遵守贫血预防策略与女性的种族（比值比：0.61，95%置信区间：0.04 - 0.92，P = 0.001）及其对贫血的认识（比值比：3.88，95%置信区间：1.32 - 7.93，P = 0.001）之间存在显著关联。
孕妇对贫血的认识和对贫血预防策略的依从性并不乐观。然而，如果不采取行动减少这一现象，孕期贫血及其后果可能对所有利益相关者造成毁灭性影响。因此，我们建议推广更多的教育和宣传项目，包括孕妇饮食中的良好营养做法，以提高朱阿博索区孕妇对贫血预防策略的认识和依从性。
