Dominguez Thomas, Aurell Johanna, Gullett Brian, Eninger Robert, Yamamoto Dirk
Department of Systems Engineering and Management, U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 45433, USA.
Energy Technology and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 2018;20(2):902-913. doi: 10.1007/s10163-017-0652-y.
Emissions from open burning of military food waste and ration packaging compositions were characterized in response to health concerns from open burning disposal of waste, such as at military forward operating bases. Emissions from current and prototype Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MREs), and material options for their associated fiberboard packaging were quantified to assess contributions of the individual components. MREs account for 67-100% of the particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs) emissions when burned in unison with the current fiberboard container and liner. The majority of the particles emitted from these burns are of median diameter 2.5 μm (PM). Metal emission factors were similar regardless of waste composition. Measurements of VOCs and PAHs indicate that targeted replacement of MRE components may be more effective in reducing emissions than variation of fiberboard-packaging types. Despite MRE composition variation, equivalent emission factors for PM, PAH, VOC, and PCDD/PCDF were seen. Similarly, for fiberboard packaging, composition variations exhibited essentially equivalent PM, PAH, VOC, and PCDD/PCDF emission factors amongst themselves. This study demonstrated a composition-specific analysis of waste burn emissions, assessing the impact of waste component substitution using military rations.
针对军事前进作战基地等场所露天焚烧废弃物所引发的健康问题，对军事食品废弃物及口粮包装材料露天焚烧的排放物进行了特征分析。对现役和原型即食口粮（MREs）及其相关纤维板包装的材料选项的排放物进行了量化，以评估各个成分的贡献。当与当前的纤维板容器和衬里一起燃烧时，MREs占颗粒物（PM）、挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、多环芳烃（PAHs）以及多氯二苯并 - 二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDDs/PCDFs）排放的67 - 100%。这些燃烧排放的大多数颗粒的中位直径为2.5μm（PM）。无论废弃物成分如何，金属排放因子都相似。VOCs和PAHs的测量表明，有针对性地更换MRE成分在减少排放方面可能比改变纤维板包装类型更有效。尽管MRE成分存在差异，但PM、PAH、VOC和PCDD/PCDF的等效排放因子仍可观察到。同样，对于纤维板包装，其成分变化在自身之间表现出基本等效的PM、PAH、VOC和PCDD/PCDF排放因子。本研究展示了对废弃物燃烧排放物进行特定成分分析，评估使用军粮替代废弃物成分的影响。
