Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2020 Nov;113(11):1559-1571. doi: 10.1007/s10482-020-01463-w. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
This study investigated the diversity, structure and nutrient pathways of the root-associated bacterial endophytes of maize plant cultivated using different fertilizers to verify the claim that inorganic fertilizers have some toxic effects on plant microbiome and not are ecofriendly. Whole DNA was extracted from the roots of maize plants cultivated with organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and maize planted without any fertilizer at different planting sites in an experimental field and sequenced using shotgun metagenomics. Our results using the Subsystem database revealed a total of 28 phyla and different nutrient pathways in all the samples. The major phyla observed were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Tenericutes, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, and Chlorobi. Bacteroidetes dominated maize from organic fertilizer sites, Firmicutes dominated the no fertilizers site while Proteobacteria dominated Inorganic fertilizer. The diversity analysis showed that the abundance of endophytic bacteria in all the sites is in the order organic fertilizer (FK) > no fertilizer (CK) > inorganic fertilizer (NK). Furthermore, the major nutrient cycling pathways identified are linked with nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism which were higher in FK samples. Going by the results obtained, this study suggests that organic fertilizer could be a boost to sustainable agricultural practices and should be encouraged. Also, a lot of novel endophytic bacteria groups were identified in maize. Mapping out strategies to isolate and purify this novel endophytic bacteria could help in promoting sustainable agriculture alongside biotechnological applications in future.
本研究调查了在不同肥料条件下种植的玉米植物根相关细菌内生菌的多样性、结构和养分途径，以验证无机肥料对植物微生物组有一些毒性作用，并不环保的说法。从有机肥料、无机肥料和实验田不同种植地点无肥料种植的玉米根中提取全 DNA，并使用鸟枪法宏基因组测序。我们使用子系统数据库的结果显示，所有样本中共有 28 个门和不同的养分途径。主要观察到的门是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、柔膜菌门、螺旋体门、蓝藻门和绿菌门。有机肥料处理的玉米以拟杆菌门为主，无肥料处理的玉米以厚壁菌门为主，而无机肥料处理的玉米则以变形菌门为主。多样性分析表明，所有地点内生细菌的丰度顺序为有机肥料（FK）>无肥料（CK）>无机肥料（NK）。此外，鉴定出的主要养分循环途径与氮和磷代谢有关，FK 样品中的这些途径含量更高。根据研究结果，本研究表明，有机肥料可能是可持续农业实践的推动因素，应加以鼓励。此外，在玉米中还鉴定出了许多新的内生细菌群。制定出分离和纯化这些新型内生细菌的策略，可能有助于在未来促进可持续农业和生物技术应用。
