Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic.
Clin Anat. 2021 Mar;34(2):320-323. doi: 10.1002/ca.23672. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
Anatomical terminology is a cornerstone of medical terminology and since 1895 there has been a norm (nomenclature), regularly revised, extended, and updated. The latest official version issued by the Federative International Program on Anatomical Terminology was approved by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 1998 as Terminologia Anatomica (TA). Second edition of the TA (TA2) has now been prepared for approval. Each change must be meticulously discussed and considered as it affects and influences not only anatomists but also all clinicians, physicians, scientists, teachers, and students in medical fields. There are several reasons for direct and deliberate changes, but also reasons for rejection of changes that could lead to disintegration and rejection of the nomenclature revision by the expert population. The latter reasons comprise changes of terms with originally different (inappropriate/incorrect/erroneous) meanings or with originally potentially vulgar meanings that are nowadays perceived as neutral. Some examples and explanations concerning the names of the principal structures of the female external genitalia (vulva, cunnus, pudendum, labia pudenda, rima pudendi, clitoris, and perineum) and some internal ones (vagina, uterus) in Latin and Greek are given. An overview is presented of the development and frequency of their usage, mainly in ancient times but also in medieval and later texts. It is suggested that the above-stated reasons provide no fundamental argument for changing the terminology, as all the Latin terms used in TA are nowadays considered neutral.
解剖学术语是医学术语的基石，自 1895 年以来，一直有一个规范（命名法），定期修订、扩展和更新。国际解剖学联合会于 1998 年批准了由国际解剖学术语联合会发布的最新官方版本，即《解剖学术语》（TA）。第二版 TA（TA2）现已准备好供批准。每个变化都必须经过精心讨论和考虑，因为它不仅影响解剖学家，而且影响所有临床医生、医生、科学家、教师和医学领域的学生。有几个原因导致直接和故意的更改，也有一些原因拒绝更改，这些更改可能导致术语表修订被专家群体拒绝。后者的原因包括具有原本不同（不适当/不正确/错误）含义的术语的更改，或具有原本潜在粗俗含义但现在被视为中性的术语的更改。给出了拉丁语和希腊语中女性外生殖器（外阴、阴道、阴部、外阴唇、阴部裂隙、阴蒂和会阴）的主要结构以及一些内部结构（阴道、子宫）的名称的一些示例和解释。介绍了它们的使用的发展和频率，主要是在古代，但也在中世纪和以后的文本中。有人认为，上述原因并没有为更改术语提供根本理由，因为 TA 中使用的所有拉丁语术语现在都被认为是中性的。
