Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Dec 5;888:173488. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173488. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
Therapies of cancer are as diverse as multifaceted the cancer is. Anticancer drugs include, but not limited to synthetic, semisynthetic and natural drugs and monoclonal antibodies. A recent decline in new drug development has led to the rebirth of herbal therapeutics in the form of dietary supplements and botanical preparations. Medicinal plants comprise of complex phytochemicals due to vast biosynthetic capacity. A wide array of phytochemicals has been pharmacologically evaluated for their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic potential for several decades. These phytochemicals target cancer at diverse sites such as apoptotic pathways, genetic and epigenetic mutations, damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, production of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and modulation of cell signaling through Janus-activated kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription, Notch, mitogen-activated protein kinase/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin, Nuclear factor kappa B, Wingless-related integration site and Transforming growth factor β pathways. This review focuses on the therapeutic targets of anticancer and chemo-preventive phytochemicals and their mode of action.
癌症的治疗方法多种多样，与癌症本身一样复杂。抗癌药物包括但不限于合成、半合成和天然药物以及单克隆抗体。最近新药开发的下降导致了草药疗法以膳食补充剂和植物制剂的形式重生。药用植物由于具有巨大的生物合成能力，包含复杂的植物化学物质。几十年来，人们一直在对广泛的植物化学物质进行药理学评价，以评估它们在化学预防和化疗方面的潜力。这些植物化学物质针对癌症的多个部位，如凋亡途径、遗传和表观遗传突变、脱氧核糖核酸损伤、活性氧的产生、自噬、癌细胞的侵袭和转移，以及通过 Janus 激活激酶/信号转导和转录激活剂、Notch、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶、磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶/蛋白激酶 B/雷帕霉素哺乳动物靶蛋白、核因子 κB、Wingless 相关整合位点和转化生长因子 β 途径调节细胞信号。这篇综述重点介绍了抗癌和化学预防植物化学物质的治疗靶点及其作用机制。
