Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Nov;116:111111. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111111. Epub 2020 Jun 10.
Worldwide the number of bone damage/fracture, due to traumatic and accidental injuries, has been growing exponentially. Currently available treatments for bone repairing are slow, and often full functional recovery is not achieved. During slow healing process, free radicals are generated at fractured site, which causes further delay in healing process. To overcome these problems, bone tissue engineering (BTE) based approaches, i.e., polymeric scaffolds loaded with free radical scavenging capabilities, seem to be a potential alternative. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, NC) show very good free radical scavenging capabilities. In this study, NC was incorporated in gelatin-alginate (GA) scaffolds to obtain nanocomposite scaffolds (GA-NCs) by freeze drying. Further, the effect of varying nanoceria concentration on the physicochemical and biological properties of the nanocomposite scaffolds has been evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of the scaffolds revealed presence of interconnected pores. Furthermore, incorporation of NC has increased the mechanical properties, bio-mineralization, and decreased the swelling and in-vitro weight loss of the scaffolds. Additionally, GA-NCs depicts competent cell attachment, proliferation and viability. The results for osteogenic differentiation studies (i.e. ALP activity, RunX2 and osteocalcin expression) have indicated that GA-NCs scaffolds hold potential to assist differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblast. Finally, the results for free radical scavenging functionality demonstrate that GA-NCs are capable of reducing free radicals. Thus, it could be stated that NC incorporated GA nanocomposite scaffold has vital importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies.
全球因创伤和意外而导致的骨损伤/骨折数量呈指数级增长。目前用于修复骨骼的治疗方法较为缓慢，往往无法完全恢复其功能。在缓慢的愈合过程中，游离基会在骨折部位产生，这会进一步延迟愈合过程。为了克服这些问题，基于骨组织工程（BTE）的方法，即负载有清除自由基能力的聚合物支架，似乎是一种潜在的替代方法。氧化铈纳米粒子（纳米铈，NC）具有非常好的清除自由基能力。在这项研究中，NC 被掺入明胶-海藻酸盐（GA）支架中，通过冷冻干燥获得纳米复合材料支架（GA-NC）。此外，还评估了纳米铈浓度变化对纳米复合材料支架理化性质和生物学性质的影响。支架的场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）图像显示出存在相互连接的孔。此外，NC 的掺入提高了支架的机械性能、生物矿化性能，降低了支架的溶胀和体外失重。此外，GA-NC 还具有良好的细胞附着、增殖和活力。成骨分化研究（即碱性磷酸酶活性、RunX2 和骨钙素表达）的结果表明，GA-NC 支架具有促进间充质干细胞（MSCs）向成骨细胞分化的潜力。最后，自由基清除功能的结果表明，GA-NC 能够清除自由基。因此，可以说，NC 掺入 GA 纳米复合材料支架在未来再生治疗中的骨组织工程应用中具有重要意义。
