Novaglio Camilla, Bax Narissa, Boschetti Fabio, Emad Gholam Reza, Frusher Stewart, Fullbrook Liam, Hemer Mark, Jennings Sarah, van Putten Ingrid, Robinson Lucy M, Spain Erica, Vince Joanna, Voyer Michelle, Wood Graham, Fulton Elizabeth A
CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia.
Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia.
Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2022;32(1):209-230. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09628-6. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas, offshore waters will be a particular focus of Blue Economy expansion over the next decade. When emerging and established economic sectors expand in offshore waters (within national Exclusive Economic Zones), different potential Blue Economy opportunities and challenges will arise. Following a series of interdisciplinary workshops, we imagine two technically possible futures for the offshore Blue Economy and we identify the actions required to achieve the more sustainable outcome. Under a business as usual scenario the focus will remain on economic growth, the commodification of nature, the dominance of private over public and cultural interests, and prioritisation of the interests of current over future generations. A more sustainable scenario would meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensure inclusive economic developments, environmental sustainability, and fair and equitable access to resources and technologies across users, nations, and generations. Challenges to this more sustainable future are a lack of infrastructure and technology to support emerging offshore sectors, limited understanding of environmental impacts, inequitable outcomes, and a lack of planning and governmental oversight. Addressing these challenges will require a shift in societal values, a more balanced allocation of funding to offshore activities, transparency in information sharing between industries and across nations, and adjustment of international legal and institutional mechanisms. The sustainable and equitable offshore Blue Economy we envisage is achievable and provides a unique opportunity to build global capacity and partnership.
海洋经济正经历快速增长，这将带来益处，但也会带来环境和社会风险。由于沿海地区空间有限且资源退化，近海水域将成为未来十年蓝色经济扩张的特别重点。当新兴和成熟的经济部门在近海水域（在国家专属经济区内）扩张时，将出现不同的潜在蓝色经济机遇和挑战。在一系列跨学科研讨会之后，我们设想了近岸蓝色经济的两种技术上可行的未来，并确定了实现更可持续成果所需采取的行动。在照常营业的情景下，重点将仍然是经济增长、自然的商品化、私人利益凌驾于公共和文化利益之上，以及优先考虑当代而非后代的利益。一个更可持续的情景将实现多个联合国可持续发展目标，并确保包容性经济发展、环境可持续性，以及用户、国家和世代之间公平公正地获取资源和技术。实现这一更可持续未来的挑战包括缺乏支持新兴近海部门的基础设施和技术、对环境影响的了解有限、结果不公平，以及缺乏规划和政府监督。应对这些挑战将需要社会价值观的转变、对近海活动资金的更平衡分配、行业间和国家间信息共享的透明度，以及对国际法律和制度机制的调整。我们设想的可持续和公平的近海蓝色经济是可以实现的，并提供了一个建设全球能力和伙伴关系的独特机会。
