Department of Anthropology, 1791Boise State University, ID, USA.
Evol Psychol. 2020 Jul-Sep;18(3):1474704920939521. doi: 10.1177/1474704920939521.
Suicidality is an important contributor to disease burden worldwide. We examine the developmental and environmental correlates of reported suicidal ideation at age 15 and develop a new evolutionary model of suicidality based on life history trade-offs and hypothesized accompanying modulations of cognition. Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Statistics Canada) which collected information on children's social, emotional, and behavioral development in eight cycles between 1994 and 2009. We take a model selection approach to understand thoughts of suicide at age 15 ( ≈ 1,700). The most highly ranked models include social support, early life psychosocial stressors, prenatal stress, and mortality cues. Those reporting consistent early life stress had 2.66 greater odds of reporting thoughts of suicide at age 15 than those who reported no childhood stress. Social support of the primary caregiver, neighborhood cohesion, nonkin social support of the adolescent, and the number of social support sources are all associated with suicidal thoughts, where greater neighborhood cohesion and social support sources are associated with a reduction in experiencing suicidal thoughts. Mother's prenatal smoking throughout pregnancy is associated with a 1.5 greater odds of suicidal thoughts for adolescents compared to children whose mother's reported not smoking during pregnancy. We discuss these findings in light of evolutionary models of suicidality. This study identifies both positive and negative associations on suicidal thoughts at age 15 and considers these in light of adaptive response models of human development. Findings are relevant for mental health policy.
自杀行为是全球疾病负担的一个重要因素。我们研究了 15 岁时报告的自杀意念的发展和环境相关性，并基于生活史权衡假设和伴随的认知调节，提出了一个新的自杀行为进化模型。数据来自加拿大统计局的全国儿童和青年纵向调查（National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth），该调查在 1994 年至 2009 年期间的八个周期中收集了儿童社会、情感和行为发展的信息。我们采用模型选择方法来理解 15 岁时的自杀想法（≈1700 人）。排名最高的模型包括社会支持、早期生活心理压力源、产前压力和死亡率线索。那些报告持续早期生活压力的人报告 15 岁时有自杀想法的可能性是那些报告没有童年压力的人的 2.66 倍。主要照顾者的社会支持、邻里凝聚力、青少年的非亲属社会支持以及社会支持来源的数量都与自杀想法有关，其中邻里凝聚力和社会支持来源的增加与经历自杀想法的减少有关。母亲在整个怀孕期间吸烟与青少年自杀想法的可能性增加 1.5 倍有关，而母亲报告在怀孕期间不吸烟的孩子则没有这种情况。我们根据自杀行为的进化模型讨论了这些发现。本研究确定了 15 岁时自杀想法的积极和消极关联，并根据人类发展的适应反应模型考虑了这些关联。研究结果与心理健康政策有关。
