Kunz Philipp, Engel Florian Azad, Holmberg Hans-Christer, Sperlich Billy
Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sports Med Open. 2019 Feb 21;5(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s40798-019-0180-5.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently employed to improve the endurance of various types of athletes. To determine whether youth soccer players may benefit from the intermittent load and time efficiency of HIIT, we performed a meta-analysis of the relevant scientific literature.
Our primary objective was to compare changes in various physiological parameters related to the performance of youth soccer players in response to running-based HIIT to the effects of other common training protocols (i.e., small-sided games, technical training and soccer-specific training, or high-volume endurance training). A secondary objective was to compare specifically running-based HIIT to a soccer-specific form of HIIT known as small-sided games (SSG) in this same respect, since this latter type of training is being discussed extensively by coaches.
A systematic search of the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed in August of 2017 and updated during the review process in December of 2018. The criteria for inclusion of articles for analysis were as follows: (1) comparison of HIIT to SSG or some other training protocol employing a pre-post design, (2) involvement of healthy young athletes (≤ 18 years old), and (3) assessment of variables related to endurance or soccer performance. Hedges' g effect size (d) and associated 95% confidence intervals for the comparison of the responses to HIIT and other interventions were calculated.
Nine studies, involving 232 young soccer players (mean age 16.2 ± 1.6 years), were examined. Endurance training in the form of HIIT or SSG produced similar positive effects on most parameters assessed, including peak oxygen uptake and maximal running performance during incremental running (expressed as V or maximal aerobic speed (MAS)), shuttle runs (expressed as the distance covered or time to exhaustion), and time-trials, as well as submaximal variables such as running economy and running velocity at the lactate threshold. HIIT induced a moderate improvement in soccer-related tests involving technical exercises with the soccer ball and other game-specific parameters (i.e., total distance covered, number of sprints, and number of involvements with the ball). Neuromuscular parameters were largely unaffected by HIIT or SSG.
The present meta-analysis indicates that HIIT and SSG have equally beneficial impacts on variables related to the endurance and soccer-specific performance of youth soccer players, but little influence on neuromuscular performance.
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）经常被用于提高各类运动员的耐力。为了确定青少年足球运动员是否能从HIIT的间歇负荷和时间效率中获益，我们对相关科学文献进行了荟萃分析。
我们的主要目的是比较与青少年足球运动员表现相关的各种生理参数在基于跑步的HIIT训练后的变化，以及与其他常见训练方案（即小型比赛、技术训练和足球专项训练，或大量耐力训练）的效果。第二个目的是在这方面特别比较基于跑步的HIIT与一种被称为小型比赛（SSG）的足球专项HIIT形式，因为后一种训练类型正受到教练们的广泛讨论。
2017年8月对PubMed、SPORTDiscus和科学网数据库进行了系统检索，并在2018年12月的综述过程中更新。纳入分析文章的标准如下：（1）采用前后设计比较HIIT与SSG或其他一些训练方案；（2）纳入健康的年轻运动员（≤18岁）；（3）评估与耐力或足球表现相关的变量。计算了HIIT与其他干预措施反应比较的Hedges' g效应量（d）及相关的95%置信区间。
共审查了9项研究，涉及232名年轻足球运动员（平均年龄16.2±1.6岁）。HIIT或SSG形式的耐力训练对大多数评估参数产生了类似的积极影响，包括峰值摄氧量和递增跑期间的最大跑步表现（表示为V̇O₂max或最大有氧速度（MAS））、穿梭跑（表示为跑过的距离或疲劳时间）、计时赛，以及次最大变量，如跑步经济性和乳酸阈值时的跑步速度。HIIT在涉及足球技术练习和其他特定比赛参数（即总跑动距离、冲刺次数和触球次数）的足球相关测试中带来了适度改善。神经肌肉参数在很大程度上不受HIIT或SSG的影响。
本荟萃分析表明，HIIT和SSG对与青少年足球运动员耐力和足球专项表现相关的变量具有同样有益的影响，但对神经肌肉表现影响很小。
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