Myakinchenko Evgeny B, Kriuchkov Andrey S, Adodin Nikita V, Feofilaktov Victor
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Aug 19;15(8):1181-1188. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0220.
To compare the training-volume (TrV) distribution of Russian international-level male biathletes, female biathletes, and cross-country skiers (XC) during an annual cycle.
Day-to-day TrVs were recorded and averaged for a 5-year period for male biathletes (n = 6), female biathletes (n = 8), and XC (n = 14) with VO2max values of 77.7 (3.8), 64.6 (1.9), and 79.4 (3.5) mL·min-1·kg-1, respectively.
The volumes of low- and moderate-intensity endurance training and all types of nonspecific endurance and strength training gradually decreased toward the competition period. However, the volumes and proportions of high-intensity endurance training and specific exercises (roller skiing, skiing, and shooting during high-intensity endurance training) increased by the time of the competition period. The total volume of training, volumes of low- and moderate-intensity endurance training, moderate- and high-load strength training (70%-95% 1RM), and power/speed loads did not increase gradually but reached their maximum immediately after a short stage of initial training. All teams employed the "pyramid" model of intensity distribution. Compared with the biathletes, XC demonstrated a larger (P < .01) annual volume of endurance training (190 h), low-intensity endurance training (183 h), and strength training (818 sets). They also engaged in more upper-body and core-strength exercises (769 sets), and they reached their maximum aerobic TrVs in June, while the biathletes reached theirs in July.
In recent decades, the traditional model of periodization has been altered. The Russian XC and biathletes had significant differences in TrVs.
比较俄罗斯国际水平男子冬季两项运动员、女子冬季两项运动员和越野滑雪运动员在一个年度周期内的训练量（TrV）分布情况。
记录并平均了5年间男子冬季两项运动员（n = 6）、女子冬季两项运动员（n = 8）和越野滑雪运动员（n = 14）的每日TrV，他们的最大摄氧量（VO2max）值分别为77.7（3.8）、64.6（1.9）和79.4（3.5）mL·min-1·kg-1。
低强度和中等强度耐力训练以及所有类型的非特异性耐力和力量训练的量在比赛期逐渐减少。然而，高强度耐力训练和特定练习（高强度耐力训练期间的轮滑、滑雪和射击）的量和比例在比赛期时增加。训练总量、低强度和中等强度耐力训练量、中等负荷和高负荷力量训练（70%-95% 1RM）以及功率/速度负荷并非逐渐增加，而是在初始训练的短暂阶段后立即达到最大值。所有团队都采用了“金字塔”强度分布模型。与冬季两项运动员相比，越野滑雪运动员的年度耐力训练量（约1�0小时）、低强度耐力训练量（约183小时）和力量训练量（约818组）更大（P <.01）。他们还进行了更多的上身和核心力量练习（约769组），并且他们在6月达到最大有氧TrV，而冬季两项运动员在7月达到。
近几十年来，传统的周期化模型已经改变。俄罗斯越野滑雪运动员和冬季两项运动员在TrV方面存在显著差异。
