University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Transl Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 20;10(1):291. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4.
COVID-19 pandemic is a global calamity posing an unprecedented opportunity to study resilience. We developed a brief resilience survey probing self-reliance, emotion-regulation, interpersonal-relationship patterns and neighborhood-environment, and applied it online during the acute COVID-19 outbreak (April 6-15, 2020), on a crowdsourcing research website ( www.covid19resilience.org ) advertised through social media. We evaluated level of stress (worries) regarding COVID-19: (1) contracting, (2) dying from, (3) currently having, (4) family member contracting, (5) unknowingly infecting others with (6) experiencing significant financial burden following. Anxiety (GAD7) and depression (PHQ2) were measured. Totally, 3042 participants (n = 1964 females, age range 18-79, mean age = 39) completed the resilience and COVID-19-related stress survey and 1350 of them (mean age = 41, SD = 13; n = 997 females) completed GAD7 and PHQ2. Participants significantly endorsed more distress about family contracting COVID-19 (48.5%) and unknowingly infecting others (36%), than getting COVID-19 themselves (19.9%), p < 0.0005 covarying for demographics and proxy COVID-19 exposures like getting tested and knowing infected individuals. Patterns of COVID-19 related worries, rates of anxiety (GAD7 > 10, 22.2%) and depression (PHQ2 > 2, 16.1%) did not differ between healthcare providers and non-healthcare providers. Higher resilience scores were associated with lower COVID-19 related worries (main effect F = 134.9; p < 0.00001, covarying for confounders). Increase in 1 SD on resilience score was associated with reduced rate of anxiety (65%) and depression (69%), across healthcare and non-healthcare professionals. Findings provide empirical evidence on mental health associated with COVID-19 outbreak in a large convenience sample, setting a stage for longitudinal studies evaluating mental health trajectories following COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 大流行是一场全球性灾难，为研究韧性提供了前所未有的机会。我们开发了一个简短的韧性调查，探究了自立、情绪调节、人际关系模式和邻里环境，并在 2020 年 4 月 6 日至 15 日期间在一个众包研究网站（www.covid19resilience.org）上进行了在线调查，该网站通过社交媒体进行了宣传。我们评估了对 COVID-19 的担忧程度（关注）：（1）感染，（2）死于，（3）目前患有，（4）家庭成员感染，（5）无意中感染他人，（6）随后出现严重的经济负担。焦虑（GAD7）和抑郁（PHQ2）也进行了测量。共有 3042 名参与者（1964 名女性，年龄 18-79 岁，平均年龄 39 岁）完成了韧性和 COVID-19 相关压力调查，其中 1350 名参与者（平均年龄 41 岁，标准差 13；997 名女性）完成了 GAD7 和 PHQ2。参与者对家庭成员感染 COVID-19（48.5%）和无意中感染他人（36%）的担忧明显超过了自己感染 COVID-19（19.9%），p<0.0005，调整了人口统计学因素和代理 COVID-19 暴露，如接受检测和了解感染个体。COVID-19 相关担忧的模式、焦虑症（GAD7>10，22.2%）和抑郁症（PHQ2>2，16.1%）的发生率在医疗保健提供者和非医疗保健提供者之间没有差异。较高的韧性评分与较低的 COVID-19 相关担忧相关（主要效应 F=134.9；p<0.00001，调整了混杂因素）。韧性评分增加 1 个标准差与焦虑症（65%）和抑郁症（69%）的发生率降低相关，跨越医疗保健和非医疗保健专业人员。这些发现为在大型便利样本中研究 COVID-19 爆发相关的心理健康提供了经验证据，为评估 COVID-19 大流行后心理健康轨迹的纵向研究奠定了基础。
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