Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Head: apl. Prof. Dr. Dr. A.W. Eckert), Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Head: apl. Prof. Dr. Dr. A.W. Eckert), Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020 Oct;48(10):969-976. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.07.013. Epub 2020 Aug 1.
The aim of the study was to describe the attractiveness of a newborn with CL/P and the maternal reaction in relation to the child. Another purpose was to explore and describe the experience and subjectively perceived reaction of the mother and the social environment to the child before and after cleft lip surgery.
A study to describe and evaluate mothers' experiences, feelings and emotions (n = 84) regarding having a child with CL/P was performed. Therefore mothers were asked to complete a self-reported, standardized Likert-scale questionnaire. The questions were focused on the mother's own experiences, and the reaction of close family members and the social environment (friends, unknown people) to the child. Therefore two essential situations during the first year of life were analyzed: the first contact with the child, and a second one after lip surgery. The influence of lip reconstruction on the attractiveness of the child and the following reactions were analyzed. The timeline includes surveys from 01/2014 to 12/2016.
84 mothers of affected children (CL/P) replied to the questionnaire (84/103). Most mothers (n = 64) described the attractiveness of their child at birth as "very good" (n = 37) and "good" (n = 27). After lip reconstruction the subjective attractiveness in the mothers' opinions increased to 90.5% (n = 76): 24 "good" (p = 0.23) and 52 "very good" (p = 0.73). 50 mothers defined the postoperative surgical result as "very good", 21 did not see any improvement (p = 0.001). Poor postoperative evaluations like "very poor" (n = 0), "insufficient" (n = 1) or "sufficient" (n = 1) were found two times. The majority of mothers (n = 78) reported negative reactions of the social environment to the child before lip surgery. Friends reacted in general more positively to the child with the visible deformity than did the social environment. 41 mothers described that their life partner or husband reacted "always" more positively to the child (p = 0.018). After surgical lip closure, strangers (n = 22) and even friends (n = 27) did not change their reactions obviously.
For the mother, the attractiveness of a child with CL/P is not significantly affected by the visible facial malformation. Even if the lip reconstruction increases the child's attractiveness from the mother's perspective, the often negative reactions of the family and social environment did not change.
描述唇腭裂（CL/P）新生儿的吸引力和母亲的反应与孩子有关。另一个目的是探索和描述母亲和社会环境在唇裂修复术前和术后对孩子的体验和主观感知反应。
对 84 位有唇裂/腭裂孩子的母亲进行了一项描述和评估母亲的经历、感受和情感的研究。因此，母亲们被要求完成一份自我报告的、标准化的李克特量表问卷。问题集中在母亲自身的经历，以及亲密家庭成员和社会环境（朋友、陌生人）对孩子的反应。因此，分析了孩子生命的第一年中的两个重要阶段：与孩子的第一次接触，以及唇裂修复术后的第二次接触。分析了唇裂修复对孩子吸引力的影响以及随之而来的反应。时间线包括 2014 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月的调查。
84 位唇腭裂患儿的母亲（CL/P）回答了问卷（84/103）。大多数母亲（n=64）描述他们孩子出生时的吸引力为“非常好”（n=37）和“好”（n=27）。唇裂修复后，母亲的主观吸引力增加到 90.5%（n=76）：24 位“好”（p=0.23）和 52 位“非常好”（p=0.73）。50 位母亲将术后手术结果定义为“非常好”，21 位母亲认为没有任何改善（p=0.001）。术后评估较差的情况，如“非常差”（n=0）、“不足”（n=1）或“足够”（n=1），发现了两次。大多数母亲（n=78）报告说，在唇裂修复术前，社会环境对孩子有负面反应。朋友对有明显畸形的孩子的反应通常比社会环境更积极。41 位母亲描述说，她们的生活伴侣或丈夫对孩子的反应“总是”更积极（p=0.018）。唇裂修复术后，陌生人（n=22）甚至朋友（n=27）对孩子的反应并没有明显改变。
对于母亲来说，唇腭裂孩子的吸引力并不受可见的面部畸形的显著影响。即使唇裂修复增加了孩子在母亲眼中的吸引力，但家庭和社会环境的负面反应往往没有改变。
