Scheller Konstanze, Urich Jasmin, Scheller Christian, Watzke Stephan
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Head: apl. Prof. Dr. Dr. A.W. Eckert), Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany.
Department of Neurosurgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Head: Prof. Dr. C. Strauss), Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany.
J Clin Exp Dent. 2020 Sep 1;12(9):e864-e869. doi: 10.4317/jced.56288. eCollection 2020 Sep.
The emotional impact on parents at the birth of their new-born with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can be traumatic for parents, especially mothers, and affect the sensitive early parent-child relationship. Unlike many other congenital malformations facial deformities are visible to all. The uncommon facial appearance creates feelings and reactions in the mother, families and other people. Only few studies deal with this psychosocial burden of these mothers.
This pilot-study deals with mothers' early experiences (n=84) having a child with CL/P. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire at diagnosis, birth and after lip surgery. The questions were focused on the social background of the mother (educational degree, marital status, lifestyle and prenatal care), the medical information at diagnosis and the following reaction. The surveys were administrated from 01/2014 - 12/2016.
84 mothers of affected children (CL/P) replied the completed questionnaire (84/103, 81.5%). At diagnosis 65 mothers (77%) lived in a solid partnership and 44% worked full-time (40h). The diagnosis caused fear among the mothers (60.7%, p≤0.01), despair (27.4%, p≤0.01), grief (17.9%, p≤0.01) and guilt (16.7%, p≤0.01). Despite the emotional stress after the diagnosis only 5 mothers asked for psychological support (6.0%). The medical information by the gynecologist (41.6%) or maxillofacial surgeon (32.2%) was rated as "good" (n=26) or "very good" (n=26) in 60.2%. A lack of medical information and care was rated with "insufficient" (11.9%) or "poor" (14.3%).
There are only few studies about mothers' early feelings and emotions having a child with a CL/P. We found high parental stress, physical and emotional strain among the mothers after diagnosis, mostly caused due to insufficient information's. This stress was not correlated with the educational level and CLP appearance showed no relation about the socioeconomic status. Cleft lip/palate, mother's emotional experience, psychosocial aspects.
新生儿唇腭裂（CL/P）的出生对父母，尤其是母亲的情感影响可能是创伤性的，并会影响早期敏感的亲子关系。与许多其他先天性畸形不同，面部畸形是众人可见的。这种不寻常的面部外观会在母亲、家庭和其他人身上引发各种感受和反应。只有少数研究涉及这些母亲的心理社会负担。
这项试点研究涉及84名有唇腭裂患儿的母亲的早期经历。要求母亲们在诊断时、孩子出生时及唇裂手术后填写一份问卷。问题集中在母亲的社会背景（教育程度、婚姻状况、生活方式和产前护理）、诊断时的医疗信息以及随后的反应。调查于2014年1月至2016年12月进行。
84名唇腭裂患儿的母亲回复了完整问卷（84/103，81.5%）。诊断时，65名母亲（77%）处于稳定的伴侣关系，44%全职工作（40小时）。诊断使母亲们产生恐惧（60.7%，p≤0.01）、绝望（27.4%，p≤0.01）、悲伤（17.9%，p≤0.01）和内疚感（16.7%，p≤0.01）。尽管诊断后情绪压力很大，但只有5名母亲寻求心理支持（6.0%）。60.2%的母亲认为妇科医生（41.6%）或颌面外科医生（32.2%）提供的医疗信息为“良好”（n = 26）或“非常好”（n = 26）。11.9%的母亲认为医疗信息和护理“不足”，14.3%的母亲认为“差”。
关于有唇腭裂患儿的母亲的早期感受和情绪的研究很少。我们发现诊断后母亲们承受着很高的父母压力、身体和情感压力，这主要是由于信息不足所致。这种压力与教育水平无关，唇腭裂外观与社会经济地位也无关。唇腭裂、母亲的情感体验、心理社会方面。
