Dobraca Dina, Laurent Cecile A, Greenspan Louise C, Hiatt Robert A, Sjödin Andreas, Kushi Lawrence H, Windham Gayle C
Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California.
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
Environ Epidemiol. 2020 Jul 6;4(4):e0102. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000102. eCollection 2020 Aug.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous, environmental chemicals that may have endocrine disrupting capabilities. We investigated whether childhood exposure to PAHs was associated with adiposity and pubertal timing in a longitudinal study of 404 girls enrolled in the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program cohort.
Baseline urinary samples from girls aged 6-8-years-old were assayed for 2-naphthol, fluorene metabolites, phenanthrene metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene, and sum of PAH metabolites. Mixed-effects linear models were used to estimate how concentrations of PAH metabolites were related to changes in girl's body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio from age 7 through 16 years old. Accelerated failure time models were used to estimate age of pubertal onset (Tanner stages 2 or higher for breast and pubic hair development).
Higher adiposity measurements among high tertiles of baseline PAH metabolites were evident at age 7 years old and increased thereafter (i.e., BMI for all PAH metabolites, waist-to-height ratio for fluorene and phenanthrene metabolites) or leveled off (i.e., waist-to-height ratio for 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxypyrene, sum of PAHs). Among girls overweight/obese at baseline, median age of breast development onset for high tertiles was 9.1-9.4 years old compared with 10-10.2 years old for low tertiles for all PAH metabolites; in contrast, found no association or slightly later onset of breast development for girls with normal weight at baseline.
These results suggest that exposure to specific PAHs during childhood may influence adiposity throughout adolescence and effect pubertal timing.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类普遍存在的环境化学物质，可能具有内分泌干扰能力。在一项对乳腺癌与环境研究项目队列北加利福尼亚站点招募的404名女孩进行的纵向研究中，我们调查了儿童期接触PAHs是否与肥胖及青春期发育时间有关。
对6至8岁女孩的基线尿液样本进行2-萘酚、芴代谢物、菲代谢物、1-羟基芘和PAH代谢物总和的检测。使用混合效应线性模型来估计PAH代谢物浓度与女孩从7岁到16岁期间体重指数（BMI）和腰高比变化之间的关系。使用加速失效时间模型来估计青春期开始的年龄（乳房和阴毛发育达到坦纳2期或更高阶段）。
在7岁时，基线PAH代谢物处于高三分位数的女孩中较高的肥胖测量值就已明显，此后有所增加（即所有PAH代谢物的BMI、芴和菲代谢物的腰高比）或趋于平稳（即2-萘酚、1-羟基芘、PAHs总和的腰高比）。在基线时超重/肥胖的女孩中，所有PAH代谢物高三分位数的乳房发育开始中位年龄为9.1 - 9.4岁，而低三分位数为10 - 10.2岁；相比之下，基线体重正常的女孩未发现关联或乳房发育开始稍晚。
这些结果表明，儿童期接触特定PAHs可能会影响整个青春期的肥胖情况并影响青春期发育时间。
