Mullick Jhinuk Basu, Simmons Chelsey S, Gaire Janak
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Cell Mol Bioeng. 2020 Jul 27;13(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s12195-020-00638-9. eCollection 2020 Aug.
New technologies are being developed toward the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to understand its pathogenesis and transmission, to develop therapeutics and vaccines, and to formulate preventive strategies. Animal models are indispensable to understand these processes and develop and test emerging technologies; however, the mechanism of infection for SARS-CoV-2 requires certain similarities to humans that do not exist in common laboratory rodents. Here, we review important elements of viral infection, transmission, and clinical presentation reflected by various animal models readily available or being developed and studied for SARS-CoV-2 to help bioengineers evaluate appropriate preclinical models for their emerging technologies. Importantly, applications of traditional mice and rat models are limited for studying SARS-CoV-2 and development of COVID-19. Non-human primates, Syrian hamsters, ferrets, cats, and engineered chimeras mimic the human infection more closely and hold strong potential as animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression of resulting human disease.
针对新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2，正在开发新技术，以了解其发病机制和传播途径，开发治疗方法和疫苗，并制定预防策略。动物模型对于理解这些过程以及开发和测试新兴技术不可或缺；然而，SARS-CoV-2的感染机制需要与人类有某些相似之处，而这在常见的实验啮齿动物中并不存在。在此，我们回顾了各种现有或正在开发和研究的用于SARS-CoV-2的动物模型所反映的病毒感染、传播和临床表现的重要要素，以帮助生物工程师评估适合其新兴技术的临床前模型。重要的是，传统的小鼠和大鼠模型在研究SARS-CoV-2和开发COVID-19方面应用有限。非人灵长类动物、叙利亚仓鼠、雪貂、猫和工程嵌合体更接近模拟人类感染，作为SARS-CoV-2感染及由此导致的人类疾病进展的动物模型具有强大潜力。
