College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2021 Mar 15;101(4):1479-1490. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10761. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
Citrus aurantium L. (Aurantii fructus) is a multi-purpose citrus fruit with high medicinal and nutritional value, but currently there are no data that can be used to investigate the appropriate harvest time to obtain high-quality citrus bioactive ingredients from it.
Phytochemicals and the levels of the main bioactive ingredients were investigated by ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS). The flavanone, polymethoxyflavone, coumarin, synephrine, and limonin content in the citrus fruit was analyzed at different harvest periods, and significant differences, ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 116.26 ± 40.20 g kg (DW), were shown. These compounds were present in higher amounts in June and then decreased gradually, while the biomass accumulation of most of them showed an increasing tendency around harvest time. The H O -induced RIN-m5F cells model was employed to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. Citrus fruit harvested from June 11 to July 7 possessed an excellent antioxidant capacity by inhibiting the intensity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.01) and improving superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) activity (P < 0.01). The chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of citrus leaves, stems, and roots were also evaluated, and these showed great variation compared with other citrus fruits. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that harvesting time was related closely to the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity.
Citrus fruit can be appropriately harvested from June to early July when the levels of bioactive ingredients and antioxidant activity reach higher values. This research provides practical information for producing high-quality citrus products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
甜橙（Aurantii fructus）是一种具有多种用途的柑橘类水果，具有很高的药用和营养价值，但目前尚无数据可用于研究从其获得高质量柑橘生物活性成分的合适收获时间。
采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离四极杆飞行时间质谱法（UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS）研究了橙皮苷、多甲氧基黄酮、香豆素、辛弗林和柠檬苦素等植物化学物质的含量和主要生物活性成分水平。分析了不同收获期甜橙果实中的黄烷酮、多甲氧基黄酮、香豆素、辛弗林和柠檬苦素的含量，差异显著，范围为 0.03±0.01 至 116.26±40.20μg·kg（DW）。这些化合物在 6 月含量较高，然后逐渐减少，而大多数化合物的生物量积累在收获期左右呈增加趋势。采用 H 2 O 2 诱导的 RIN-m5F 细胞模型评价其抗氧化能力。6 月 11 日至 7 月 7 日收获的甜橙果实具有优异的抗氧化能力，通过抑制细胞内活性氧（ROS）的强度（P<0.01）和提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）的活性（P<0.01）。还评估了甜橙叶、茎和根的化学成分和抗氧化能力，与其他柑橘类水果相比，这些部位表现出很大的差异。多元统计分析表明，收获时间与植物化学物质含量和抗氧化能力密切相关。
当生物活性成分和抗氧化活性达到较高水平时，甜橙果实可适当在 6 月至 7 月初收获。本研究为生产高质量柑橘产品提供了实用信息。 © 2020 英国化学学会。
