Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
Virus Res. 2020 Oct 15;288:198141. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198141. Epub 2020 Aug 23.
The recent outbreak of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a significant concern to public health care worldwide. As of August 19, 2020, more than 22,140,472 people are infected, and over 781,135 people have died due to this deadly virus. In the USA alone, over 5,482,602 people are currently infected, and more than 171,823 people have died. SARS-CoV-2 has shown a higher infectivity rate and a more extended incubation period as compared to previous coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 binds much more strongly than SARS-CoV to the same host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Previously, several methods to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV have been tried with limited success. Since SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike (S) protein for entry to the host cell, it is one of the most preferred targets for making vaccines or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have summarised the characteristics of the S protein, as well as the different approaches being used for the development of vaccines and/or therapeutics based on the S protein.
最近爆发的β冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 已经成为全球公共卫生保健的一个重要关注点。截至 2020 年 8 月 19 日，已有超过 22140472 人感染，超过 781135 人因这种致命病毒而死亡。仅在美国，目前就有超过 5482602 人感染，超过 171823 人死亡。与以前的冠状病毒相比，SARS-CoV-2 的传染性更高，潜伏期更长。SARS-CoV-2 与相同的宿主受体血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）的结合能力比 SARS-CoV 强得多。以前，已经尝试了几种针对 SARS-CoV 或 MERS-CoV 的疫苗开发方法，但收效甚微。由于 SARS-CoV-2 使用刺突（S）蛋白进入宿主细胞，因此它是针对 SARS-CoV-2 开发疫苗或治疗药物的最受欢迎的靶标之一。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 S 蛋白的特性，以及基于 S 蛋白开发疫苗和/或治疗药物的不同方法。
