Antunes Jorge T, Sousa António G G, Azevedo Joana, Rego Adriana, Leão Pedro N, Vasconcelos Vitor
Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Aug 11;11:1938. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01938. eCollection 2020.
Marine biofilms are known to influence the corrosion of metal surfaces in the marine environment. Despite some recent research, the succession of bacterial communities colonizing artificial surfaces remains uncharacterized in some temporal settings. More specifically, it is not fully known if bacterial colonizers of artificial surfaces are similar or distinct in the different seasons of the year. In particular the study of early biofilms, in which the bacterial cells communities first adhere to artificial surfaces, are crucial for the development of the subsequent biofilm communities. In this work, we used amplicon-based NGS (next-generation sequencing) and universal 16S rRNA bacterial primers to characterize the early biofilm bacterial communities growing on 316 L stainless steel surfaces in a Northern Portugal port. Sampling spanned 30-day periods in two distinct seasons (spring and winter). Biofilm communities growing in steel surfaces covered with an anti-corrosion paint and planktonic communities from the same location were also characterized. Our results demonstrated that distinct temporal patterns were observed in the sampled seasons. Specifically, a significantly higher abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Mollicutes was found on the first days of biofilm growth in spring (day 1 to day 4) and a higher abundance of Alphaproteobacteria during the same days of biofilm growth in winter. In the last sampled day (day 30), the spring biofilms significantly shifted toward a dominance of photoautotrophic groups (mostly diatoms) and were also colonized by some macrofouling communities, something not observed during the winter sampling. Our results revealed that bacterial composition in the biofilms was particularly affected by the sampled day of the specific season, more so than the overall effect of the season or overall sampling day of both seasons. Additionally, the application of a non-fouling-release anti-corrosion paint in the steel plates resulted in a significantly lower diversity compared with plates without paint, but this was only observed during spring. We suggest that temporal succession of marine biofilm communities should be taken in consideration for future antifouling/anti-biofilm applications.
海洋生物膜会影响海洋环境中金属表面的腐蚀。尽管最近有一些研究，但在某些时间背景下，在人工表面定殖的细菌群落演替情况仍未得到充分描述。更具体地说，人工表面的细菌定殖者在一年的不同季节是否相似或不同尚不完全清楚。特别是对早期生物膜的研究，即细菌细胞群落首次附着在人工表面上的阶段，对于后续生物膜群落的发展至关重要。在这项工作中，我们使用基于扩增子的二代测序（NGS）和通用的16S rRNA细菌引物，来表征在葡萄牙北部一个港口的316L不锈钢表面生长的早期生物膜细菌群落。采样跨越了两个不同季节（春季和冬季）的30天时间段。还对生长在涂有防腐漆的钢表面上的生物膜群落以及来自同一地点的浮游生物群落进行了表征。我们的结果表明，在采样季节观察到了不同的时间模式。具体而言，在春季生物膜生长的第一天（第1天至第4天），发现γ-变形菌纲和柔膜菌纲的丰度显著更高，而在冬季生物膜生长的相同天数，α-变形菌纲的丰度更高。在最后采样日（第30天），春季生物膜显著转向以光合自养群体（主要是硅藻）为主导，并且还被一些大型污损群落定殖，这在冬季采样期间未观察到。我们的结果表明，生物膜中的细菌组成受特定季节的采样日影响尤其显著，甚于季节的总体影响或两个季节的总体采样日的影响。此外，与未涂漆的钢板相比，在钢板上涂覆非防污释放型防腐漆导致多样性显著降低，但这仅在春季观察到。我们建议，在未来的防污/抗生物膜应用中应考虑海洋生物膜群落的时间演替。
