Jee Babban, Yadav Renu, Pankaj Sangeeta, Shahi Shivendra Kumar
Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.
Int Rev Immunol. 2021;40(5):359-378. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1811859. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) has emerged as a primary cause of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV is a relatively small (55 nm in diameter) and non-enveloped virus containing approximately 8 kb long double stranded circular DNA genome. To date, 228 genotypes of HPV have been identified. Although all HPV infections do not lead to the development of malignancy of cervix, only persistent infection of high-risk types of HPV (mainly with HPV16 and HPV18) results in the disease. In addition, the immunity of the patients also acts as a key determinant in the carcinogenesis. Since, no HPV type specific medication is available for the patient suffering with cervical cancer, hence, a deep understanding of the disease etiology may be vital for developing an effective strategy for its prevention and management. From the immunological perspectives, the entire mechanisms of disease progression still remain unclear despite continuous efforts. In the present review, the recent developments in immunology of HPV-mediated cervix carcinoma were discussed. At the end, the prevention of disease using HPV type specific recombinant vaccines was also highlighted.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）已成为全球宫颈癌的主要病因。HPV是一种相对较小（直径55纳米）的无包膜病毒，其基因组为约8kb长的双链环状DNA。迄今为止，已鉴定出228种HPV基因型。虽然并非所有HPV感染都会导致宫颈癌变，但只有高危型HPV（主要是HPV16和HPV18）的持续感染才会引发该病。此外，患者的免疫力也是致癌过程中的关键决定因素。由于目前尚无针对宫颈癌患者的HPV型特异性药物，因此，深入了解该病病因对于制定有效的预防和管理策略可能至关重要。从免疫学角度来看，尽管不断努力，但疾病进展的整个机制仍不清楚。在本综述中，讨论了HPV介导的宫颈癌免疫学的最新进展。最后，还强调了使用HPV型特异性重组疫苗预防该病的方法。
