Howe Lindy K, Finn Peter R
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University- Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405.
Pers Individ Dif. 2020 Jan 1;152. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109564. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
High rates of delay discounting are associated with a range of disorders characterized by behavioral disinhibition, such as substance abuse and childhood behavioral problems. The current study extends the research of the personality correlates of delay discounting by examining its association with two domains of disinhibited personality, impulsivity and low harm avoidance. Trait measures of impulsivity and harm avoidance as well as a delay discounting task were administered to 669 young adult subjects (350 male, 319 female). The primary hypothesis was that a combination of high impulsivity and low harm avoidance would be associated with the highest delay discounting rates. Delay discounting rates were significantly associated with high levels of impulsivity. Counterintuitively, the highest rates of delay discounting were associated with high rates of impulsivity and high rates of harm avoidance. Results suggest that those high in impulsivity harm avoidance are more sensitive to immediate rewards. These results are novel and suggest more complex processes involved when considering a choice between an immediate and a delayed reward that may require longer waiting periods, which itself may be anxiety providing and perceived as potentially harmful.
高延迟折扣率与一系列以行为抑制为特征的障碍有关，如药物滥用和儿童行为问题。当前的研究通过考察延迟折扣与去抑制人格的两个维度（冲动性和低伤害回避）之间的关联，扩展了对延迟折扣人格相关性的研究。对669名年轻成年受试者（350名男性，319名女性）进行了冲动性和伤害回避的特质测量以及一项延迟折扣任务。主要假设是，高冲动性和低伤害回避的组合将与最高的延迟折扣率相关。延迟折扣率与高水平的冲动性显著相关。与直觉相反的是，最高的延迟折扣率与高冲动率和高伤害回避率相关。结果表明，那些冲动性高且伤害回避性高的人对即时奖励更敏感。这些结果是新颖的，表明在考虑即时奖励和延迟奖励之间的选择时涉及更复杂的过程，而延迟奖励可能需要更长的等待时间，这本身可能会带来焦虑并被视为潜在有害。
