Assefa Senait, Köhler Gerwald
Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Curr Opin Toxicol. 2020 Feb;19:21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.09.009. Epub 2019 Sep 30.
The human gut microbiome is considered critical for establishing and maintaining intestinal function and homeostasis throughout life. Evidence for bidirectional communication with the immune and nervous systems has spawned interest in the microbiome as a key factor for human and animal health. Consequently, appreciation of the microbiome as a target of xenobiotics, including environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, has risen steadily because disruption of a healthy microbiome (dysbiosis) has been linked to unfavorable health outcomes. Thus, toxicology must consider toxicant effects on the host's microbiome as an integral part of the holobiont. We discuss current findings on the impact of toxic metals on the composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiome as well as the modulation of metal toxicity by the microbiome. Present limitations and future needs in elucidating microbiome-metal interactions and the potential of harnessing beneficial traits of the microbiota to counteract metal toxicity are also considered.
人类肠道微生物群被认为对于在整个生命过程中建立和维持肠道功能及内环境稳定至关重要。与免疫系统和神经系统双向交流的证据引发了人们对微生物群作为人类和动物健康关键因素的兴趣。因此，将微生物群视为包括重金属等环境污染物在内的外源化学物的作用靶点的认识也在稳步提高，因为健康微生物群的破坏（生态失调）与不良健康后果有关。因此，毒理学必须将毒物对宿主微生物群的影响视为全生物的一个组成部分。我们讨论了关于有毒金属对肠道微生物群的组成、多样性和功能的影响以及微生物群对金属毒性的调节作用的当前研究结果。还考虑了在阐明微生物群 - 金属相互作用方面目前的局限性和未来需求，以及利用微生物群有益特性来对抗金属毒性的潜力。
