Kaur Ravidarshdeep, Rawal Rakesh
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Dec;37(12):e23485. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23485. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
Gut microbiota plays a functionally important part in retaining the homeostasis of host physiology, however, under exposure of various heavy metals, the composition of gut biota is disturbed in relation to species diversity and richness. Ever since the increase of microbiome-related studies during the last decade, many research studies have delivered an understanding of the reasons and concerns of gut microbiota-related modifications. During the past decade, it's been confirmed from various studies that heavy metals poisoning alters the microbial composition, which results in changes in gene expression, alteration in metabolism, immunity, neurological dysfunction, and causes various other disorders. The present comprehensive review is summarizing an attempt to enumerate the key findings from recent clinical or preclinical studies related to the influence of heavy metals on gut microbiota published recently. Google, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were employed as primary search engines using the keywords such as "heavy metals, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and intestinal microbiota" for finding relevant research articles from the past 10 years and some old important articles. Here, we tried to provide insight into some of the key timelines and scientific findings from reported literature, like the effects of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury on the general body and specifically on the gut microbiota of different model organisms. So, it is important to increase awareness against heavy metal-induced toxicity and formulate guidelines for the benefit of the environment.
肠道微生物群在维持宿主生理稳态方面发挥着重要的功能作用。然而，在各种重金属暴露的情况下，肠道生物群的组成在物种多样性和丰富度方面会受到干扰。自过去十年微生物组相关研究增加以来，许多研究已经对肠道微生物群相关改变的原因和问题有了一定的认识。在过去十年中，各种研究证实重金属中毒会改变微生物组成，进而导致基因表达变化、代谢改变、免疫功能异常、神经功能障碍，并引发各种其他疾病。本综述旨在总结近期发表的有关重金属对肠道微生物群影响的临床或临床前研究的关键发现。使用谷歌、PubMed、科学Direct、Scopus和谷歌学术等主要搜索引擎，通过“重金属、肠道微生物群、生态失调和肠道微生物群”等关键词，查找过去10年的相关研究文章以及一些重要的旧文章。在此，我们试图深入了解已报道文献中的一些关键时间线和科学发现，例如砷、镉、铅和汞等重金属对整个机体，特别是对不同模式生物肠道微生物群的影响。因此，提高对重金属诱导毒性的认识并制定有利于环境的指导方针非常重要。
