Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36 Suppl 2:e00154519. doi: 10.1590/0102-311x00154519. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
This study analyzed the main economic trends, market structure, production, and innovation in vaccines against infectious diseases at the global and national levels, observing the effects on access to vaccination in Brazil and on the sustainability of the Brazilian Unified National Health System. In order to update a global overview of R&D and the market, the authors conducted a literature search and drew on a competitive intelligence database. In order to understand Brazil's role in this context, with the Health Economic-Industrial Complex as the structural focus, the authors accessed information from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, the National Immunization Program, and the Questel Orbit Intelligence database on patent protection in Brazil; identified the technologies transferred to public institutions in Brazil; and analyzed the trend in the trade balance deficit in health. The analysis revealed a global trend of concentration of vaccine production in a few leading pharmaceutical companies and the exacerbation of economic and technological asymmetries in the vaccine sector. In Brazil, the study identified technological weaknesses, risks, and manufacturing bottlenecks that impact the guarantee of immunizations in the country and showed that despite the installed industrial base, public policies and actions by domestic manufacturers have not been sufficient to confront and overcome the global context of structural dependence. In conclusion, the study indicates the need for progress in the Brazilian national strategy to link domestic production, technological capacity-building, and innovation in the vaccine sector to help guarantee universal access to health in Brazil.
本研究分析了在全球和国家层面上针对传染病的疫苗的主要经济趋势、市场结构、生产和创新，观察了这些因素对巴西疫苗接种可及性和巴西全民健康覆盖体系可持续性的影响。为了更新研发和市场的全球概况，作者进行了文献检索，并利用竞争情报数据库。为了了解巴西在这方面的作用，以卫生经济-工业综合体为结构重点，作者查阅了巴西卫生监管机构、国家免疫计划以及 Questel Orbit Intelligence 数据库中有关巴西专利保护的信息；确定了转移到巴西公共机构的技术；并分析了卫生贸易平衡逆差的趋势。分析显示，疫苗生产在少数几家领先制药公司的集中化是一个全球性趋势，疫苗领域的经济和技术不对称性加剧。在巴西，研究发现了技术弱点、风险和制造瓶颈，这些因素影响了该国的免疫接种保障，并表明尽管有已安装的工业基础，但国内制造商的公共政策和行动还不足以应对和克服结构性依赖的全球背景。总之，该研究表明，巴西需要在国家战略方面取得进展，将国内生产、技术能力建设和疫苗部门的创新联系起来，以帮助确保巴西的全民健康覆盖。
