Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021 Jan 18;76(2):415-424. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa145.
There is an increasing research interest in factors that characterize those who reach exceptionally old ages. Although loneliness is often associated with an increased risk for premature mortality, its relationship with reaching longevity is still unclear. We aimed to quantify the association between (social/emotional) loneliness and the likelihood of reaching the age of 90 years in men and women separately.
For these analyses, data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were used. Loneliness, social loneliness, and emotional loneliness were assessed at baseline using the 11-item De Jong-Gierveld scale in 1992-1993 (at age 64-85 years). Follow-up for vital status information until the age of 90 years was 99.5% completed. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses with a fixed follow-up time were based on 1,032 men and 1,078 women to calculate risk ratios (RR) of reaching 90 years.
No significant associations were observed between loneliness and reaching 90 years in both men (RR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.14) and women (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.83-1.14). Social loneliness was significantly associated with a reduced chance of reaching 90 years in women (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-0.99).
The current analyses did not show support for the existence of a meaningful effect of loneliness on reaching longevity in both sexes. When investigating specific dimensions of loneliness, we observed that reporting social loneliness was associated with reaching 90 years in women. This indicates that, for women, a large and diverse personal network at an older age could increase the probability of reaching longevity. However, replication of our findings in other cohorts is needed.
越来越多的研究关注那些能够达到异常高龄的人的特征因素。尽管孤独通常与过早死亡的风险增加有关，但它与长寿的关系尚不清楚。我们旨在分别量化（社交/情感）孤独与男性和女性达到 90 岁年龄的可能性之间的关系。
这些分析使用了阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究（LASA）的数据。1992-1993 年（年龄在 64-85 岁之间），使用 11 项 Jong-Gierveld 量表评估了孤独感、社交孤独感和情感孤独感。对 90 岁以下的生命状态信息进行了 99.5%的随访。基于 1032 名男性和 1078 名女性，采用多变量调整的 Cox 回归分析，以固定随访时间计算达到 90 岁的风险比（RR）。
在男性（RR，0.90；95%置信区间[CI]，0.70-1.14）和女性（RR，0.98；95%CI，0.83-1.14）中，孤独感与达到 90 岁之间均无显著关联。社交孤独感与女性达到 90 岁的机会减少显著相关（RR，0.82；95%CI，0.67-0.99）。
目前的分析结果并未支持孤独感对两性长寿存在有意义影响的观点。在研究孤独感的特定维度时，我们发现报告社交孤独感与女性达到 90 岁有关。这表明，对于女性而言，在老年时拥有广泛多样的个人网络可能会增加达到长寿的概率。但是，需要在其他队列中复制我们的研究结果。
