RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
DFG Emmy Noether Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
Cells. 2020 Sep 1;9(9):2006. doi: 10.3390/cells9092006.
Actin and non-muscle myosins have long been known to play important roles in growth cone steering and neurite outgrowth. More recently, novel functions for non-muscle myosin have been described in axons and dendritic spines. Consequently, possible roles of actomyosin contraction in organizing and maintaining structural properties of dendritic spines, the size and location of axon initial segment and axonal diameter are emerging research topics. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings involving myosin localization and function in these compartments and to discuss possible roles for actomyosin in their function and the signaling pathways that control them.
肌动蛋白和非肌肉肌球蛋白早已被证实对生长锥转向和神经突生长起着重要作用。最近，非肌肉肌球蛋白在轴突和树突棘中也出现了新的功能。因此，肌球蛋白收缩在组织和维持树突棘的结构特性、轴突起始段的大小和位置以及轴突直径方面的作用，正在成为新兴的研究课题。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结涉及肌球蛋白在这些结构域中的定位和功能的最新发现，并讨论肌球蛋白在它们的功能和控制它们的信号通路中的可能作用。
