外国医生在沙特阿拉伯的经历：对挑战和留任意愿的定性研究
The experiences of foreign doctors in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study of the challenges and retention motives.
作者信息
Zawawi Amal N, Al-Rashed Abeer M
机构信息
Department of Health Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Heliyon. 2020 Aug 12;6(8):e03901. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03901. eCollection 2020 Aug.
BACKGROUND
The Saudi healthcare system is mainly staffed by foreign doctors who constitute about 73% of the total medical workforce. But, the high rate of turnover among these foreigners had deposited an additional unbearable cost and threatens the stability of the provided healthcare services in the country.
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to explore the professional and personal challenges that were experienced by foreign medical doctors while working in one of the major governmental tertiary-care hospitals in Riyadh city. The study also seeks to explore the factors that could influence or motivate their retention.
METHODS
A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews was conducted on January 2018. A total of 16 foreign doctors were recruited purposefully using a maximum variation sampling strategy. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis technique.
RESULTS
Three primary themes have been emerged based on the data analysis: (1) Work-related challenges such as; communication and discrimination challenges. (2) Living-related challenges such as; supportive services and restricted movement challenges. (3) Factor motivating retention such as providing good children education, offering flexible traveling regulations, and providing professional development opportunities.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study have indicated that there are more important motivators than money for improving the retention of foreign doctors in the country. Several policy actions have been recommended to maintain their essential role. For example; implementing an ethical code to protect them from receiving deceptive hiring information, developing a specialized pocket dictionary to overcome language barriers, embracing "workforce diversity management" techniques to minimize discrimination at institutional level, and finally it is also recommended to include the foreign doctors' family needs and other living related challenges in any future retention strategies.
背景
沙特的医疗体系主要由外国医生组成，他们约占医疗总劳动力的73%。但是，这些外国人的高离职率带来了额外的难以承受的成本，并威胁到该国所提供医疗服务的稳定性。
目的
本研究旨在探讨外国医生在利雅得市一家主要的政府三级医疗机构工作时所经历的职业和个人挑战。该研究还试图探究可能影响或促使他们留任的因素。
方法
2018年1月进行了一项基于半结构化访谈的定性研究。采用最大差异抽样策略，有目的地招募了16名外国医生。访谈进行了录音，逐字转录，并使用主题分析技术进行分析。
结果
基于数据分析得出了三个主要主题：（1）与工作相关的挑战，如沟通和歧视挑战。（2）与生活相关的挑战，如支持性服务和行动受限挑战。（3）促使留任的因素，如提供良好的子女教育、提供灵活的出行规定以及提供职业发展机会。
结论
本研究结果表明，对于提高外国医生在该国的留任率而言，有比金钱更重要的激励因素。已建议采取若干政策行动来维持他们的关键作用。例如，实施道德准则以保护他们不收到欺骗性的招聘信息，编写专门的袖珍词典以克服语言障碍，采用“劳动力多样性管理”技术以减少机构层面的歧视，最后还建议在未来的任何留任策略中纳入外国医生的家庭需求及其他与生活相关的挑战。
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