Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin 150030, China; School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin 150030, China; School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 10;751:141614. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141614. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
Freezing-thawing period plays an important role in the soil nutrient cycling. The frequency of freezing-thawing cycles (FTCs) can directly affect the supply of effective soil nutrients, further influences the growth and development of crops. Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth, and almost no compounds in gas form in nature, which is non-renewable resources. In modern agricultural production, phosphorus required by plants is mainly from the soil, but the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in soil is generally only 10%-25%. Therefore, it is of great significance to study phosphorus migration and transformation behavior of soil in the non-growth period and related interfacial processes for improving the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, increasing crop yield, reducing excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer, and subsiding environmental pollution. This paper systematically concludes key interfacial process of soil phosphorus in freezing-thawing soil system and relative mechanisms describing migration and transformation behavior of soil phosphorus. Besides, it summarizes the mediating effects of widely used soil conditioner on phosphorus cycling. The results show that freezing- thawing will destroy the structure of the soil, causing phosphorus to migrate along with runoff, soil water and heat movement. It also affects the types of microorganisms, the activity of microbial communities and the oxidation-reduction reaction of related minerals, making the phosphorus in soil from an unstable form to an active form. Biochar and humic substances can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and have favorable effects on soil during freezing-thawing period. This review has important significance for the rational utilization of existing phosphorus resources, the maintenance of soil phosphorus cycle balance and the sustainable development of agriculture, meanwhile, has guiding significance for the reasonable utilization of agricultural wastes.
冻融期在土壤养分循环中起着重要作用。冻融循环（FTC）的频率会直接影响有效土壤养分的供应，进而影响作物的生长和发育。磷是作物生长所必需的营养元素之一，在自然界中几乎没有以气体形式存在的化合物，属于不可再生资源。在现代农业生产中，植物所需的磷主要来自土壤，但土壤中磷肥的利用率通常只有 10%-25%。因此，研究土壤在非生长期间的磷迁移转化行为及其相关界面过程，对于提高磷肥利用效率、增加作物产量、减少磷肥过量施用、沉降环境污染具有重要意义。本文系统总结了冻融土壤系统中土壤磷的关键界面过程及其描述土壤磷迁移转化行为的相关机制，同时还总结了广泛应用的土壤调理剂对磷循环的介导作用。结果表明，冻融会破坏土壤结构，导致磷随径流、土壤水和热运动而迁移。它还会影响微生物的种类、微生物群落的活性以及相关矿物的氧化还原反应，使土壤中的磷从不稳定形态转变为活跃形态。生物炭和腐殖质可以改善土壤的物理和化学性质，对土壤在冻融期间具有有利影响。本综述对合理利用现有磷资源、维持土壤磷循环平衡和农业可持续发展具有重要意义，同时对农业废弃物的合理利用具有指导意义。
