Widiger T A, Frances A, Spitzer R L, Williams J B
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044.
Am J Psychiatry. 1988 Jul;145(7):786-95. doi: 10.1176/ajp.145.7.786.
The revision of DSM-III (DSM-III-R) includes substantial changes in the axis II personality disorders. The authors present and critically review these revisions and suggest directions for further research. The issues discussed include the multiaxial system, the use of a categorical rather than a dimensional format, the change from monothetic to polythetic criteria sets, the reduction in overlap among criteria sets, the decrease in the amount of unnecessary inferential clinical judgment required to make diagnoses, and the addition of two new personality disorders in an appendix. The criteria sets for many of the DSM-III personality disorders were also substantially revised in DSM-III-R. Changes in each of these are discussed in turn.
《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III）的修订版（DSM-III-R）在轴II人格障碍方面有重大变化。作者介绍并批判性地审视了这些修订内容，并提出了进一步研究的方向。讨论的问题包括多轴系统、采用分类而非维度形式、从单一定义标准集转变为多定义标准集、标准集之间重叠的减少、做出诊断所需的不必要推断性临床判断数量的减少，以及在附录中增加了两种新的人格障碍。许多DSM-III人格障碍的标准集在DSM-III-R中也有大幅修订。依次讨论了其中每一项的变化。
