Thaung Zaw Jay Jay, Howe Peter Rc, Wong Rachel Hx
University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Resilient Regions, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia; University of South Australia, School of Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Clin Nutr. 2021 Mar;40(3):820-829. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.025. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Ageing and menopause contribute to endothelial dysfunction, causing impaired cerebral perfusion, which is in turn associated with accelerated cognitive decline. In a 14-week pilot study, we showed that supplementation with low-dose resveratrol, a phytoestrogen that can enhance endothelial function, improved cerebrovascular and cognitive functions in postmenopausal women. We sought to confirm these benefits in a larger, longer-term trial. A 24-month randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was undertaken in 125 postmenopausal women, aged 45-85 years, who took 75 mg trans-resveratrol or placebo twice-daily for 12 months and then crossover to the alternative treatment for another 12 months. We evaluated within individual differences between each treatment period in measures of cognition (primary outcome), cerebrovascular function in the middle cerebral artery (cerebral blood flow velocity: CBFV, cerebrovascular responsiveness: CVR) and cardio-metabolic markers as secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses examined effects of resveratrol by life stages. Compared to placebo, resveratrol supplementation resulted a significant 33% improvement in overall cognitive performance (Cohen's d = 0.170, P = 0.005). Women ≥65 years of age showed a relative improvement in verbal memory with resveratrol compared to those younger than 65 years. Furthermore, resveratrol improved secondary outcomes including resting mean CBFV (d = 0.275, P = 0.001), CVR to hypercapnia (d = 0.307, P = 0.027), CVR to cognitive stimuli (d = 0.259, P = 0.032), fasting insulin (d = 0.174, P = 0.025) and insulin resistance index (d = 0.102, P = 0.034). Regular supplementation with low-dose resveratrol can enhance cognition, cerebrovascular function and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. This may translate into a slowing of the accelerated cognitive decline due to ageing and menopause, especially in late-life women. Further studies are warranted to observe whether these cognitive benefits of resveratrol can reduce the risk of dementia.
衰老和绝经会导致血管内皮功能障碍，引起脑灌注受损，进而与认知能力加速下降相关。在一项为期14周的初步研究中，我们发现补充低剂量白藜芦醇（一种可增强血管内皮功能的植物雌激素）可改善绝经后女性的脑血管和认知功能。我们试图在一项更大规模、更长期的试验中证实这些益处。对125名年龄在45 - 85岁的绝经后女性进行了一项为期24个月的随机、安慰剂对照交叉试验，她们每天服用两次75毫克反式白藜芦醇或安慰剂，持续12个月，然后交叉接受另一种治疗，为期12个月。我们评估了每个治疗期内个体在认知测量（主要结果）、大脑中动脉的脑血管功能（脑血流速度：CBFV，脑血管反应性：CVR）以及心脏代谢标志物（作为次要结果）方面的差异。亚组分析按生命阶段研究了白藜芦醇的效果。与安慰剂相比，补充白藜芦醇使总体认知表现显著提高了33%（科恩d值 = 0.170，P = 0.005）。与65岁以下的女性相比，65岁及以上的女性服用白藜芦醇后言语记忆有相对改善。此外，白藜芦醇还改善了次要结果，包括静息平均CBFV（d = 0.275，P = 0.001）、对高碳酸血症的CVR（d = 0.307，P = 0.027）、对认知刺激的CVR（d = 0.259，P = 0.032）、空腹胰岛素（d = 0.174，P = 0.025）和胰岛素抵抗指数（d = 0.102，P = 0.034）。定期补充低剂量白藜芦醇可增强绝经后女性的认知、脑血管功能和胰岛素敏感性。这可能转化为减缓因衰老和绝经导致的认知能力加速下降，尤其是在老年女性中。有必要进行进一步研究，以观察白藜芦醇的这些认知益处是否能降低患痴呆症的风险。
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