Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021 Mar 16;45(2). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa040.
The production of bulk chemicals mostly depends on exhausting petroleum sources and leads to emission of greenhouse gases. Within the last decades the urgent need for alternative sources has increased and the development of bio-based processes received new attention. To avoid the competition between the use of sugars as food or fuel, other feedstocks with high availability and low cost are needed, which brought acetogenic bacteria into focus. This group of anaerobic organisms uses mixtures of CO2, CO and H2 for the production of mostly acetate and ethanol. Also methanol, a cheap and abundant bulk chemical produced from methane, is a suitable substrate for acetogenic bacteria. In methylotrophic acetogens the methyl group is transferred to the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, a pathway to reduce CO2 to acetate via a series of C1-intermediates bound to tetrahydrofolic acid. Here we describe the biochemistry and bioenergetics of methanol conversion in the biotechnologically interesting group of anaerobic, acetogenic bacteria. Further, the bioenergetics of biochemical production from methanol is discussed.
大宗化学品的生产主要依赖于石油资源的消耗，导致温室气体的排放。在过去的几十年里，对替代资源的迫切需求不断增加，生物基工艺的发展受到了新的关注。为了避免糖作为食物或燃料的用途之间的竞争，需要使用可用性高、成本低的其他原料，这使得产乙酸细菌成为焦点。这群厌氧生物使用 CO2、CO 和 H2 的混合物来生产主要的乙酸盐和乙醇。甲醇也是一种廉价且丰富的大宗化学品，可由甲烷生产，也是产乙酸细菌的合适底物。在甲醇营养型产乙酸菌中，甲基基团被转移到伍德-吕尔青（Wood-Ljungdahl）途径，该途径通过一系列与四氢叶酸结合的 C1 中间体将 CO2 还原为乙酸盐。在这里，我们描述了在具有生物技术意义的厌氧产乙酸细菌群体中甲醇转化的生物化学和生物能量学。此外，还讨论了从甲醇进行生化生产的生物能量学。
