Yang Yongde, Zhang Sheng, Zhang Xianping, Xu Yongjun, Cheng Junrui, Yang Xue
Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Wuhan East Body-Well Mental Hospital, Wuhan, China.
Front Psychol. 2020 Aug 4;11:1451. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01451. eCollection 2020.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a biological and mood disorder with a seasonal pattern. Dietary intervention and nutritional status have been reported to affect SAD severity. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence of associations between SAD and diet, eating behavior, and nutrition intervention. We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception up to July 1, 2019. Studies that examined diet and eating behaviors in SAD patients and tests of nutrition interventions for SAD were included. Two independent investigators extracted data based on study designs, participants, outcomes, exposures, and association measures. Eleven studies were included: six studies examined distinctive dietary patterns and eating behaviors in SAD patients and five studies explored the efficacy of nutrition interventions for SAD. Vegetarianism and alcoholism were associated with higher SAD prevalence, but normal alcohol intake was not correlated with SAD severity. Compared with non-clinical subjects, SAD patients tended to consume significantly larger dinners and more evening snacks during weekdays and weekends and exhibit a higher frequency of binge eating, external eating, and emotional eating. Additionally, compared to healthy controls, SAD patients presented more cravings for starch-rich food and food with high fiber. However, neither the ingestion of carbohydrate-loaded meals nor Vitamin D/B12 supplementation showed benefit for SAD. Studies suggest that SAD patients may exhibit distinctive diet preferences and eating behaviors, but no current nutrition intervention has demonstrated efficacy for ameliorating SAD symptoms. Further evidence is needed from randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations.
季节性情感障碍（SAD）是一种具有季节性模式的生物性和情绪性障碍。据报道，饮食干预和营养状况会影响SAD的严重程度。本研究的目的是系统评价SAD与饮食、饮食行为及营养干预之间关联的证据。我们对MEDLINE、EMBASE、科学网和谷歌学术进行了全面检索，检索时间从数据库建立至2019年7月1日。纳入了研究SAD患者饮食和饮食行为以及SAD营养干预试验的研究。两名独立研究者根据研究设计、参与者、结局、暴露因素和关联测量方法提取数据。共纳入11项研究：6项研究调查了SAD患者独特的饮食模式和饮食行为，5项研究探讨了SAD营养干预的效果。素食主义和酗酒与较高的SAD患病率相关，但正常饮酒量与SAD严重程度无关。与非临床受试者相比，SAD患者在工作日和周末往往晚餐食量更大，吃更多的晚间零食，并且暴饮暴食、外部进食和情绪化进食的频率更高。此外，与健康对照组相比，SAD患者对富含淀粉的食物和高纤维食物的渴望更强。然而，摄入高碳水化合物餐或补充维生素D/B12对SAD均无益处。研究表明，SAD患者可能表现出独特的饮食偏好和饮食行为，但目前尚无营养干预措施能有效改善SAD症状。需要来自更大样本量和更长持续时间的随机对照试验的进一步证据。
