Tharu Biswaraj, Ibrahim Safa, Shah Munir, Basnet Sijan, Park Terrence
Internal Medicine, Western Reserve Health Education/Northeast Ohio Medical University, Warren, USA.
Endocrinology and Diabetes, Baylor University Medical Center, Temple, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Jul 31;12(7):e9498. doi: 10.7759/cureus.9498.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that tetanus infection in a fully immunized person with the last dose within 10 years is extremely rare. The prevalence of localized tetanus in such a scenario is unknown. Only two case reports of localized tetanus in previously immunized patients have been reported so far, making this the third one. Also, this is the first case of its kind to demonstrate evolving localized tetanus. Our patient is a 19-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath, pain in right upper extremity, shoulder, and neck. His chest X-ray and creatine kinase were normal. The patient was sent home. He presented again to our hospital two days later with difficulty swallowing and speaking as well as chest tightness. Routine blood tests, electrocardiogram, CT angiography of the chest, and transthoracic echocardiogram were normal. He gave a history of a cut in the right middle finger while removing the carpet a week before his presentation. His immunization history was complete with documented last tetanus shot nine years and two months ago. He was treated with tetanus vaccine and penicillin. His tetanus antitoxoid titer came out protective.
美国疾病控制与预防中心报告称,在最后一剂疫苗接种后10年内完全免疫的人感染破伤风极为罕见。在这种情况下局部破伤风的患病率尚不清楚。迄今为止,仅报告了两例先前免疫患者发生局部破伤风的病例报告,这是第三例。此外,这是首例表现为进行性局部破伤风的此类病例。我们的患者是一名19岁男性,出现呼吸急促、右上肢、肩部和颈部疼痛。他的胸部X光片和肌酸激酶正常。患者被送回家。两天后,他再次因吞咽和说话困难以及胸闷前来我院就诊。常规血液检查、心电图检查、胸部CT血管造影和经胸超声心动图均正常。他讲述了在就诊前一周拆除地毯时右中指被割伤的病史。他的免疫史完整,有记录显示最后一次破伤风疫苗接种是在9年零2个月前。他接受了破伤风疫苗和青霉素治疗。他的破伤风抗毒素效价显示具有保护性。