Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 7;21(18):6538. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186538.
In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which is based on luminescence emitted by the luciferase-luciferin reaction, has enabled continuous monitoring of various biochemical processes in living animals. Bright luminescence with a high signal-to-background ratio, ideally red or near-infrared light as the emission maximum, is necessary for in vivo animal experiments. Various attempts have been undertaken to achieve this goal, including genetic engineering of luciferase, chemical modulation of luciferin, and utilization of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). In this review, we overview a recent advance in the development of a bioluminescence system for in vivo BLI. We also specifically examine the improvement in bioluminescence intensity by mutagenic or chemical modulation on several beetle and marine luciferase bioluminescence systems. We further describe that intramolecular BRET enhances luminescence emission, with recent attempts for the development of red-shifted bioluminescence system, showing great potency in in vivo BLI. Perspectives for future improvement of bioluminescence systems are discussed.
体内生物发光成像（BLI）基于荧光素酶-荧光素反应所发出的光，可对活体动物的各种生化过程进行连续监测。在活体动物实验中，需要具有高信噪比的明亮发光，理想情况下发射最大值为红色或近红外光。为了实现这一目标，人们进行了各种尝试，包括荧光素酶的基因工程、荧光素的化学调节以及生物发光共振能量转移（BRET）的利用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了用于体内 BLI 的生物发光系统的最新进展。我们还特别研究了对几种甲虫和海洋荧光素酶生物发光系统进行诱变或化学调节对生物发光强度的改善。我们进一步描述了分子内 BRET 增强了发光发射，最近在开发红移生物发光系统方面的尝试，在体内 BLI 中显示出巨大的潜力。还讨论了未来对生物发光系统进行改进的前景。
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