Bonilla-Represa Victoria, Abalos-Labruzzi Camilo, Herrera-Martinez Manuela, Guerrero-Pérez M Olga
Departamento de Operatoria Dental y Endodoncia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain.
Departamento de Materiales Dentales, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;10(9):1770. doi: 10.3390/nano10091770.
Nanomaterials are commonly considered as those materials in which the shape and molecular composition at a nanometer scale can be controlled. Subsequently, they present extraordinary properties that are being useful for the development of new and improved applications in many fields, including medicine. In dentistry, several research efforts are being conducted, especially during the last decade, for the improvement of the properties of materials used in dentistry. The objective of the present article is to offer the audience a complete and comprehensive review of the main applications that have been developed in dentistry, by the use of these materials, during the last two decades. It was shown how these materials are improving the treatments in mainly all the important areas of dentistry, such as endodontics, periodontics, implants, tissue engineering and restorative dentistry. The scope of the present review is, subsequently, to revise the main applications regarding nano-shaped materials in dentistry, including nanorods, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanospheres/nanoparticles, and zeolites and other orders porous materials. The results of the bibliographic analysis show that the most explored nanomaterials in dentistry are graphene and carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives. A detailed analysis and a comparative study of their applications show that, although they are quite similar, graphene-based materials seem to be more promising for most of the applications of interest in dentistry. The bibliographic study also demonstrated the potential of zeolite-based materials, although the low number of studies on their applications shows that they have not been totally explored, as well as other porous nanomaterials that have found important applications in medicine, such as metal organic frameworks, have not been explored. Subsequently, it is expected that the research effort will concentrate on graphene and zeolite-based materials in the coming years. Thus, the present review paper presents a detailed bibliographic study, with more than 200 references, in order to briefly describe the main achievements that have been described in dentistry using nanomaterials, compare and analyze them in a critical way, with the aim of predicting the future challenges.
纳米材料通常被认为是那些在纳米尺度上形状和分子组成可被控制的材料。随后，它们展现出非凡的特性，这对于包括医学在内的许多领域中新型和改进型应用的开发很有用处。在牙科领域，尤其是在过去十年间，人们开展了多项研究工作，旨在改善牙科用材料的性能。本文的目的是向读者全面且详尽地综述在过去二十年里，通过使用这些材料在牙科领域所开发的主要应用。展示了这些材料如何在牙科的主要重要领域，如牙髓病学、牙周病学、种植牙、组织工程和修复牙科中改善治疗效果。因此，本综述的范围是修订牙科中关于纳米形状材料的主要应用，包括纳米棒、纳米纤维、纳米管、纳米球/纳米颗粒以及沸石和其他有序多孔材料。文献分析结果表明，牙科领域研究最多的纳米材料是石墨烯和碳纳米管及其衍生物。对它们应用的详细分析和比较研究表明，尽管它们非常相似，但基于石墨烯的材料在牙科大多数感兴趣的应用中似乎更具前景。文献研究还证明了基于沸石材料的潜力，尽管关于其应用的研究数量较少表明它们尚未得到充分探索，而且其他在医学中已发现重要应用的多孔纳米材料，如金属有机框架，也未被探索。随后，预计未来几年研究工作将集中在基于石墨烯和沸石的材料上。因此，本综述文章呈现了一项详细的文献研究，包含200多篇参考文献，以便简要描述使用纳米材料在牙科领域所取得的主要成果，并以批判性的方式对其进行比较和分析，目的是预测未来的挑战。
