Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologías Sostenibles y Civil, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2020 Aug 28;2020:6792069. doi: 10.1155/2020/6792069. eCollection 2020.
The flavonoids are compounds synthesized by plants, and they have properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, among others. One of the most important bioactive properties of flavonoids is their antioxidant effect. Synthetic antioxidants have side toxic effects whilst natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids from natural sources, have relatively low toxicity. Therefore, it is important to incorporate flavonoids derived from natural sources in several products such as foods, cosmetics, and drugs. For this reason, there is currently a need to extract flavonoids from plant resources. In this review are described the most important parameters involved in the extraction of flavonoids by unconventional methods such as ultrasound, pressurized liquid extraction, mechanochemical, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical fluid, negative pressure cavitation, intensification of vaporization by decompression to the vacuum, microwave, infrared, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electrical discharges, and enzyme-assisted extraction. There are no unified operation conditions to achieve high yields and purity. Notwithstanding, progress has been achieved in the development of more advanced and environmentally friendly methods of extraction. Although in literature are found important advances, a complete understanding of the extraction process in each of the unconventional techniques is needed to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms that govern each of the techniques.
类黄酮是植物合成的化合物,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎和抗菌等特性。类黄酮最重要的生物活性之一是其抗氧化作用。合成抗氧化剂具有副作用,而天然抗氧化剂,如来自天然来源的类黄酮,毒性相对较低。因此,在食品、化妆品和药物等多种产品中加入源自天然来源的类黄酮非常重要。出于这个原因,目前需要从植物资源中提取类黄酮。在这篇综述中,描述了通过非常规方法提取类黄酮的最重要参数,如超声、加压液体萃取、机械化学、高静压、超临界流体、负压空化、减压蒸发强化、微波、红外、脉冲电场、高压放电和酶辅助提取。目前还没有统一的操作条件来实现高产率和高纯度。尽管如此,在开发更先进和环保的提取方法方面已经取得了进展。尽管文献中发现了重要的进展,但仍需要深入了解每种非常规技术中的提取过程,以确定控制每种技术的热力学和动力学机制。