Parhizkar Ardavan, Nojehdehian Hanieh, Tabatabaei Fahimeh, Asgary Saeed
Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran.
Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran.
Int J Dent. 2020 Aug 25;2020:8859566. doi: 10.1155/2020/8859566. eCollection 2020.
The objective of the current study was to introduce "Polylactic co-Glycolic Acid- (PLGA-) Coated Ceramic Microparticles" as an innovative drug delivery system, loaded with a new combination of triple antibiotics (penicillin G, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin (PMC)) for use in endodontic treatments. Ceramic microparticles were made from -tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite and examined by "Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM)." Then, fixed amounts of the selected antibiotics were added to a prepared PLGA solution and stirred thoroughly. Next, the prepared ceramic microparticles were dispersed completely in the drugs solution. The deposited "PMC-loaded PLGA-coated ceramic microspheres (PPCMs)" were dried and incubated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 21 days. The drug release from PPCMs was quantified by a UV spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activity of PPCMs was investigated using the "Agar Plate Diffusion Test (ADT)," "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)," and "Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)" against () and (). The cell viability test (MTT) was conducted for cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts. SEM micrographs of PPCMs showed spherical-like ceramic microparticles with smooth surfaces. Crystal-like antibiotic particles (chunks) were also found on PPCMs. Initial burst of antibiotics (31 g/mL, 160 g/mL, and 18 g/mL for ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and penicillin G, respectively, in the first 4 days) followed by gradual and sustained release was observed within a period of 21 days. PPCMs demonstrated pH close to normal physiological environment and antibacterial activity against and in the first 2 days. MTT showed cell viability of more than 70% for PPCMs after 24 h and 72 h of exposure. In conclusion, PPCMs demonstrated satisfactory release of antibiotics, antibacterial activity against the selected microorganisms, and biocompatibility. Thus, PPCMs may be used to deliver modified triple antibiotics to the root canal system for use in endodontic applications.
本研究的目的是引入“聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)包被的陶瓷微粒”作为一种创新的药物递送系统,其负载新型三联抗生素组合(青霉素G、甲硝唑和环丙沙星(PMC))用于牙髓治疗。陶瓷微粒由β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石制成,并通过“扫描电子显微镜(SEM)”进行检测。然后,将固定量的选定抗生素添加到制备好的PLGA溶液中并充分搅拌。接下来,将制备好的陶瓷微粒完全分散在药物溶液中。沉积的“负载PMC的PLGA包被陶瓷微球(PPCMs)”经干燥后在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中孵育21天。通过紫外分光光度计对PPCMs的药物释放进行定量。使用“琼脂平板扩散试验(ADT)”“最低抑菌浓度(MIC)”和“最低杀菌浓度(MBC)”研究PPCMs对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。进行细胞活力试验(MTT)以检测其对人牙龈成纤维细胞的细胞毒性。PPCMs的SEM显微照片显示为表面光滑的球形陶瓷微粒。在PPCMs上还发现了晶体状抗生素颗粒(块状)。观察到抗生素在前4天出现初始突释(环丙沙星、甲硝唑和青霉素G分别为31μg/mL、160μg/mL和18μg/mL),随后在21天内逐渐持续释放。PPCMs在最初2天显示pH接近正常生理环境且对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有抗菌活性。MTT显示,暴露24小时和72小时后,PPCMs的细胞活力超过70%。总之,PPCMs显示出令人满意的抗生素释放、对选定微生物的抗菌活性和生物相容性。因此,PPCMs可用于将改良的三联抗生素递送至根管系统以用于牙髓应用。