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BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to design and test a novel composite scaffold with antibacterial efficacy for treating bone infections using a three-dimensional (3D) printed poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold coated with polydopamine (PDA) for the adsorption of polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres loaded with vancomycin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Vancomycin-loaded PLGA microspheres were produced by the double-emulsion method, and microsphere morphology, drug-loading dosage, encapsulation efficiency, average diameter, and release characteristics were examined. Composite scaffolds were prepared by adsorption of the microspheres on PDA-coated, 3D-printed PCL scaffolds, and scaffold morphology, biocompatibility, vancomycin release, and antibacterial efficacy were evaluated. RESULTS The vancomycin-loaded microspheres were smooth, round, uniform in size, and had no adhesion phenomenon, and exhibited sustained release of vancomycin from the microspheres for more than 4 weeks. Upon modification with PDA, the PCL scaffold changed from white to black, and after microsphere adsorption, dot-like white particles were seen. On scanning electron microscopy, PDA particles were observed on the PCL/PDA composite scaffolds, and PLGA microspheres were evenly dispersed over the PDA coating on the PCL/PDA/PLGA composite scaffolds. Cell viability assays showed that the adhesion and proliferation of rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells were greater on the PCL/PDA scaffolds than on unmodified PCL scaffolds. Microsphere adsorption had no significant effect on cell proliferation. In vitro release of vancomycin from the composite scaffolds was observed for more than 4 weeks, and observation of the inhibition zone on agar plates of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the scaffolds maintained their antibacterial effect for more than 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed, PDA-coated PCL scaffold carrying vancomycin-loaded PLGA microspheres exhibited good biocompatibility and a sustained antibacterial effect in vitro.

背景

本研究旨在设计并测试一种新型复合支架，该支架具有抗菌功效，可用于治疗骨感染。采用 3D 打印聚己内酯（PCL）支架，其表面涂有多巴胺（PDA），以吸附载万古霉素的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸（PLGA）微球。

方法

采用复乳法制备载万古霉素 PLGA 微球，考察微球的形态、载药量、包封率、平均粒径和释放特性。通过吸附载万古霉素 PLGA 微球制备复合支架，考察支架的形态、生物相容性、万古霉素释放和抗菌效果。

结果

载万古霉素微球呈光滑、圆整、粒径均一、无粘连现象，微球载药后能够持续释放万古霉素 4 周以上。PCL 支架经 PDA 修饰后由白色变为黑色，吸附微球后可见点状白色颗粒。扫描电镜观察到 PCL/PDA 复合支架上有 PDA 颗粒，PCL/PDA/PLGA 复合支架上的 PDA 涂层均匀分布着 PLGA 微球。细胞活力实验表明，兔骨髓间充质干细胞在 PCL/PDA 支架上的黏附和增殖能力强于未改性 PCL 支架。微球吸附对细胞增殖无明显影响。复合支架中万古霉素体外释放超过 4 周，琼脂平板抑菌圈观察到支架对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用超过 4 周。