Brugnera Agostino, Zarbo Cristina, Farina Benedetto, Picardi Angelo, Greco Andrea, Lo Coco Gianluca, Tasca Giorgio A, Carlucci Samantha, Auteri Adalberto, Greco Francesco, Compare Angelo
Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Res Psychother. 2019 Dec 20;22(3):392. doi: 10.4081/ripppo.2019.392. eCollection 2019 Dec 19.
The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) is one of the most commonly used self-report instruments of adult attachment and has been widely adopted in psychotherapy research. Composed of two subscales, namely Attachment Avoidance and Anxiety, the ECR was recently shortened to a 12-items version, called the ECR-12. Given the importance of extending knowledge on its applicability in understudied populations, our aim was to validate the ECR-12 in a large sample of Italian native-speakers. A total of 1197 participants (73.2% females; mean age=28.53±11.37 years) completed the ECR-12. Each participant also completed other measures of attachment, psychopathology, interpersonal distress, coping strategies, and well-being. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed an excellent fit of the data, providing support for the two-dimensional orthogonal structure of the ECR-12. In addition, the measurement model was invariant across genders. Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance subscales demonstrated good internal reliability, with McDonald's Omegas and Cronbach's Alphas above the suggested 0.8 cut-off. Finally, the Italian version of ECR-12 showed adequate convergent, concurrent, and divergent validity. Highly anxious individuals reported the highest levels of maladaptive interpersonal functioning and coping strategies, resulting in lower well-being. Interestingly, both attachment insecurity dimensions predicted higher levels of psychopathology, even after controlling for demographic variables and levels of self-reported relational difficulties. Given the good psychometric properties of the ECR-12, researchers and practitioners in Italy are encouraged to adopt the ECR-12 in their future research on adult attachment in psychotherapy.
亲密关系经验量表（ECR）是成人依恋最常用的自评工具之一，已在心理治疗研究中广泛应用。ECR由两个分量表组成，即依恋回避和焦虑，最近被缩减为一个12项版本，称为ECR-12。鉴于扩展其在研究不足人群中的适用性知识的重要性，我们的目标是在大量以意大利语为母语的样本中验证ECR-12。共有1197名参与者（73.2%为女性；平均年龄=28.53±11.37岁）完成了ECR-12。每位参与者还完成了其他依恋、精神病理学、人际困扰、应对策略和幸福感的测量。探索性结构方程模型分析显示数据拟合良好，为ECR-12的二维正交结构提供了支持。此外，测量模型在不同性别间具有不变性。依恋焦虑和依恋回避分量表均显示出良好的内部信度，麦克唐纳ω系数和克朗巴哈α系数均高于建议的0.8临界值。最后，意大利版的ECR-12显示出足够的聚合效度、同时效度和区分效度。高度焦虑的个体报告了最高水平的适应不良人际功能和应对策略，导致幸福感较低。有趣的是，即使在控制了人口统计学变量和自我报告的关系困难水平后，两种依恋不安全维度都预测了更高水平的精神病理学。鉴于ECR-12良好的心理测量特性，鼓励意大利的研究人员和从业者在其未来关于心理治疗中成人依恋的研究中采用ECR-12。
