足球活动和身体素质对青少年信息处理、抑制控制和工作记忆的影响。
Effect of football activity and physical fitness on information processing, inhibitory control and working memory in adolescents.
机构信息
Department of Sport Science; Exercise and Health Research Group; Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Sep 14;20(1):1398. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09484-w.
BACKGROUND
Whilst an acute bout of exercise has been shown to enhance subsequent cognition, including in adolescents, the effects of team games (of which Football is the most popular) has received little attention. Therefore, this study examined: the effect of an acute bout of outdoor Football activity on information processing, inhibitory control, working memory and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adolescents; the effect of physical fitness on cognition and; the moderating effect of physical fitness on the acute exercise responses.
METHODS
Following familiarisation, 36 adolescents (16 girls) took part in two trials (60-min Football and 60-min seated rest) separated by 7-d in a counterbalanced, crossover design. Information processing and inhibitory control (Stroop Test), and working memory (Sternberg Paradigm) were assessed 30-min before exercise/rest and immediately, 45- and 90-min post-exercise/rest. Capillary blood samples were obtained before exercise/rest and up to 120-min post-exercise/rest. The median split of distance covered on the MSFT was used to divide the group into high- and low-fit groups.
RESULTS
Performance on the cognitive function tasks was similar between Football and seated rest (trialtime interactions; all p > .05). However, the high-fit group had overall quicker response times on both levels of the Stroop Task and all three levels of the Sternberg Paradigm (main effect of fitness; all p < .001). Furthermore, the exercise-cognition relationship was moderated by physical fitness, with improvements in working memory response times seen post-exercise, only in the high-fit group (trialtime*fitness interaction, p < .05). Circulating BDNF was unaffected by the Football activity and physical fitness (p > .05).
CONCLUSION
The present study shows that higher levels of physical fitness are beneficial for cognitive function and provides novel evidence that an ecologically valid, and popular, form of exercise is beneficial for working memory following exercise, in high-fit participants only.
背景
虽然急性运动已被证明可以增强随后的认知能力，包括在青少年中，但团队运动（其中足球是最受欢迎的）的效果却很少受到关注。因此，本研究考察了：急性户外足球活动对青少年信息处理、抑制控制、工作记忆和循环脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的影响；身体素质对认知的影响；以及身体素质对急性运动反应的调节作用。
方法
在熟悉之后，36 名青少年（16 名女孩）在平衡交叉设计的两个试验（60 分钟足球和 60 分钟静坐休息）中进行了 7 天的间隔。在运动/休息前 30 分钟以及运动/休息后 45 分钟和 90 分钟评估信息处理和抑制控制（Stroop 测试）以及工作记忆（Sternberg 范式）。在运动/休息前后以及运动后 120 分钟内采集毛细血管血样。MSFT 覆盖距离的中位数分割将该组分为高适应组和低适应组。
结果
足球和静坐休息的认知功能任务表现相似（试验时间交互作用；所有 p>0.05）。然而，高适应组在 Stroop 任务的两个水平和 Sternberg 范式的所有三个水平上的反应时间都更快（身体素质的主要影响；所有 p<0.001）。此外，运动与认知的关系受到身体素质的调节，只有在高适应组中，运动后工作记忆反应时间才会提高（试验时间*身体素质相互作用，p<0.05）。循环 BDNF 不受足球活动和身体素质的影响（p>0.05）。
结论
本研究表明，较高的身体素质有益于认知功能，并提供了新的证据表明，一种生态有效的、流行的运动形式对高适应参与者的运动后工作记忆有益。
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