ECOMARE - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-19 Aveiro, Portugal;
Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 29;117(39):24165-24172. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2007610117. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
The Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Nagoya Protocol in particular, provide a framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of biological resources and traditional knowledge, and ultimately aim to promote capacity-building in the developing world. However, measuring capacity-building is a challenging task due to its intangible nature. By compiling and analyzing a database of scientific peer-reviewed publications over a period of 50 y (1965 to 2015), we investigated capacity-building in global marine natural product discovery. We used publication and authorship metrics to assess how the capacity to become scientifically proficient, prolific, and independent has changed in bioprospecting countries. Our results show that marine bioprospecting is a dynamically growing field of research with continuously increasing numbers of participating countries, publications, and scientists. Yet despite longstanding efforts to promote equitability and scientific independence, not all countries have similarly increased their capacity to explore marine biodiversity within their national jurisdiction areas. Although developing countries show an increasing trend in the number of publications, a few developed countries still account for almost one-half of all publications in the field. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that economic capacity affects how well countries with species-rich marine ecosystems can scientifically explore those resources. Overall, the capacity-building data analyzed here provides a timely contribution to the ongoing international debate about access to and benefit-sharing of biological resources for countries exploring biodiversity within and outside their national jurisdiction areas.
《生物多样性公约》，特别是《名古屋议定书》，为公平和公正地分享利用生物资源和传统知识所产生的惠益提供了框架，并最终旨在促进发展中国家的能力建设。然而，由于其无形性质，衡量能力建设是一项具有挑战性的任务。我们通过编制和分析一个 50 年（1965 年至 2015 年）的科学同行评议出版物数据库，研究了全球海洋天然产物发现中的能力建设。我们使用出版和作者计量指标来评估在生物勘探国家中，成为具有科学能力、多产和独立的能力是如何变化的。我们的研究结果表明，海洋生物勘探是一个不断发展的研究领域，参与国家、出版物和科学家的数量不断增加。尽管长期以来一直努力促进公平性和科学独立性，但并非所有国家都同样增加了在国家管辖范围内探索海洋生物多样性的能力。尽管发展中国家在出版物数量上呈上升趋势，但少数发达国家仍占该领域所有出版物的近一半。多种证据表明，经济能力影响着物种丰富的海洋生态系统国家在科学探索这些资源方面的表现。总的来说，这里分析的能力建设数据为正在进行的关于探索国家管辖范围内和以外生物多样性的国家获取和分享生物资源的国际辩论提供了及时的贡献。
