ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Jun 9;20(6):389. doi: 10.3390/md20060389.
From 1990-2019, a total of 15,442 New Marine Natural Products from Invertebrates (NMNPIs) were reported. The 2010s saw the most prolific decade of biodiscovery, with 5630 NMNPIs recorded. The phyla that contributed most biomolecules were the Porifera (sponges) (47.2%, 2659 NMNPIs) and the Cnidaria (35.3%, 1989 NMNPIs). The prevalence of these two phyla as the main sources of NMNPIs became more pronounced in the 2010s. The tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean yielded more NMNPIs, most likely due to the remarkable biodiversity of coral reefs. The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (BH) was the most relevant area for the biodiscovery of NMNPIs in the 2010s, accounting for nearly one-third (1819 NMNPIs) of the total and surpassing the top BH from the 1990s and the 2000s (the Sea of Japan and the Caribbean Islands, respectively). The Chinese exclusive economic zone (EEZ) alone contributed nearly one-quarter (24.7%) of all NMNPIs recorded during the 2010s, displacing Japan's leading role from the 1990s and the 2000s. With the biodiscovery of these biomolecules steadily decreasing since 2012, it is uncertain whether this decline has been caused by lower bioprospecting efforts or the potential exhaustion of chemodiversity from traditional marine invertebrate sources.
1990 年至 2019 年，共报道了 15442 种来自无脊椎动物的新型海洋天然产物（NMNPIs）。21 世纪 10 年代是生物发现最多产的十年，记录了 5630 种 NMNPIs。贡献最多生物分子的门是多孔动物门（海绵）（47.2%，2659 种 NMNPIs）和刺胞动物门（35.3%，1989 种 NMNPIs）。这两个门作为 NMNPIs 的主要来源的普遍性在 21 世纪 10 年代变得更加明显。太平洋的热带地区产生了更多的 NMNPIs，这很可能是由于珊瑚礁的显著生物多样性。印度-缅甸生物多样性热点（BH）是 21 世纪 10 年代 NMNPIs 生物发现最相关的区域，占总数的近三分之一（1819 种 NMNPIs），超过了 20 世纪 90 年代和 2000 年代的顶级 BH（日本海和加勒比海）。仅中国专属经济区（EEZ）就贡献了 21 世纪 10 年代记录的所有 NMNPIs 的近四分之一（24.7%），取代了日本在 20 世纪 90 年代和 2000 年代的主导地位。自 2012 年以来，这些生物分子的生物发现稳步减少，不确定这种下降是由于生物勘探工作减少还是传统海洋无脊椎动物来源的化学生物多样性可能枯竭所致。
