Mansouri Farshad Alizadeh, Freedman David J, Buckley Mark J
Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020 Nov;21(11):595-610. doi: 10.1038/s41583-020-0364-5. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
Various aspects of human cognition are shaped and enriched by abstract rules, which help to describe, link and classify discrete events and experiences into meaningful concepts. However, where and how these entities emerge in the primate brain and the neuronal mechanisms underlying them remain the subject of extensive research and debate. Evidence from imaging studies in humans and single-neuron recordings in monkeys suggests a pivotal role for the prefrontal cortex in the representation of abstract rules; however, behavioural studies in lesioned monkeys and data from neuropsychological examinations of patients with prefrontal damage indicate substantial functional dissociations and task dependency in the contribution of prefrontal cortical regions to rule-guided behaviour. This Review describes our current understanding of the dynamic emergence of abstract rules in primate cognition, and of the distributed neural network that supports abstract rule formation, maintenance, revision and task-dependent implementation.
人类认知的各个方面都由抽象规则塑造和丰富，这些规则有助于将离散事件和经历描述、联系并分类为有意义的概念。然而，这些实体在灵长类动物大脑中的出现位置和方式以及其背后的神经元机制仍是广泛研究和争论的主题。来自人类成像研究和猴子单神经元记录的证据表明前额叶皮层在抽象规则的表征中起关键作用；然而，对损伤猴子的行为研究以及对前额叶损伤患者的神经心理学检查数据表明，前额叶皮层区域对规则引导行为的贡献存在实质性的功能分离和任务依赖性。本综述描述了我们目前对灵长类认知中抽象规则动态出现的理解，以及支持抽象规则形成、维持, 修改和任务依赖性实施的分布式神经网络。
