Bhatia Bharti, Feldmann Heinz, Marzi Andrea
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Microorganisms. 2020 Sep 12;8(9):1406. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091406.
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) are tick-borne flaviviruses that cause life-threatening hemorrhagic fever in humans with case fatality rates of 3-5% for KFDV and 1-20% for AHFV, respectively. Both viruses are biosafety level 4 pathogens due to the severity of disease they cause and the lack of effective countermeasures. KFDV was discovered in India and is restricted to parts of the Indian subcontinent, whereas AHFV has been found in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In recent years, both viruses have spread beyond their original endemic zones and the potential of AHFV to spread through ticks on migratory birds is a public health concern. While there is a vaccine with limited efficacy for KFDV used in India, there is no vaccine for AHFV nor are there any therapeutic concepts to combat infections with these viruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about pathogenesis, vector distribution, virus spread, and infection control. We aim to bring attention to the potential public health threats posed by KFDV and AHFV and highlight the urgent need for the development of effective countermeasures.
基孔肯雅森林病病毒（KFDV）和阿尔胡尔马出血热病毒（AHFV）是蜱传黄病毒，可导致人类出现危及生命的出血热，KFDV的病死率为3%-5%，AHFV的病死率为1%-20%。由于这两种病毒所引发疾病的严重性以及缺乏有效的应对措施，它们均属于生物安全4级病原体。KFDV在印度被发现，且局限于印度次大陆的部分地区，而AHFV在沙特阿拉伯和埃及被发现。近年来，这两种病毒均已扩散至其原始疫区之外，并且AHFV通过候鸟身上的蜱虫传播的可能性引发了公共卫生关注。虽然印度有一种对KFDV疗效有限的疫苗，但针对AHFV尚无疫苗，也没有对抗这些病毒感染的治疗理念。在本综述中，我们总结了关于发病机制、媒介分布、病毒传播和感染控制的现有知识。我们旨在引起人们对KFDV和AHFV所构成的潜在公共卫生威胁的关注，并强调迫切需要开发有效的应对措施。
