The Future of Carbon Dioxide Chemistry.

The utilization of carbon dioxide as building block for chemicals or source of carbon for energy products has been explored for over 40 years now, with varying allure. In correspondence with oil-crises, the use of CO has come into the spotlight, soon set aside when the crisis was over due to the low price of fossil carbon and the convenience of using established technologies. Nowadays, there is a continuous shift from fossil-C-based to perennial (solar, wind, geothermal, hydro-power) energy-driven processes that will also have a great potential to convert large amounts of carbon dioxide. The integration of biotechnology and catalysis will be a key player towards the utilization of CO in several different applications, reducing both the extraction of fossil carbon and the carbon transfer to the atmosphere.