Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, U.K.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2020 Dec 15;4(5):497-511. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20200078.
Pests, pathogens and diseases cause some of the most widespread and damaging impacts worldwide - threatening lives and leading to severe disruption to economic, environmental and social systems. The overarching goal of biosecurity is to protect the health and security of plants and animals (including humans) and the wider environment from these threats. As nearly all living organisms and biological systems are sensitive to weather and climate, meteorological, 'met', data are used extensively in biosecurity. Typical applications include, (i) bioclimatic modelling to understand and predict organism distributions and responses, (ii) risk assessment to estimate the probability of events and horizon scan for future potential risks, and (iii) early warning systems to support outbreak management. Given the vast array of available met data types and sources, selecting which data is most effective for each of these applications can be challenging. Here we provide an overview of the different types of met data available and highlight their use in a wide range of biosecurity studies and applications. We argue that there are many synergies between meteorology and biosecurity, and these provide opportunities for more widespread integration and collaboration across the disciplines. To help communicate typical uses of meteorological data in biosecurity to a wide audience we have designed the 'Meteorology for biosecurity' infographic.
害虫、病原体和疾病造成了一些全球范围内最广泛和最具破坏性的影响——威胁生命，并导致经济、环境和社会系统严重中断。生物安保的总体目标是保护动植物（包括人类）和更广泛环境的健康和安全，使其免受这些威胁的影响。由于几乎所有的生物和生物系统都对天气和气候敏感，气象学、“met”数据在生物安保中被广泛使用。典型的应用包括：（i）生物气候建模，以了解和预测生物分布和反应；（ii）风险评估，以估计事件的概率和对未来潜在风险的地平线扫描；（iii）预警系统，以支持疫情管理。鉴于可用的 met 数据类型和来源繁多，选择哪种数据对每种应用最有效可能具有挑战性。在这里，我们概述了可用的不同类型的 met 数据，并强调了它们在广泛的生物安保研究和应用中的用途。我们认为，气象学和生物安保之间有许多协同作用，这为跨学科更广泛的整合和合作提供了机会。为了帮助广大受众了解气象数据在生物安保中的典型用途，我们设计了“生物安保中的气象学”信息图。
